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This section covers the following topics: For 10.10: Incompatibilities with Previous Versions
For 10.0: SVID3 and XPG4 Conformance XPG4 Base Profile Branding Summary of Changes for XPG4 How This Affects Your Code New libc Routines at 10.0 libc Changes to Support Threads The 10.0 File System Layout and libc Other Changes to libc Routines libc Routines No Longer Supported
NLS (Native Language Support) changes to libc are covered in the
README for NLS in 10.01. Changes for 10.20 | |
The default value that RLIM_FSIZE returned was
2GB - 511. The new default is RLIM_INFINITY. The lockf()/fcntl() interfaces previously did not allow
locking of the byte at offset 2GB - 1. This byte is now lockable. The default UL.FILESIZE that a process used to get
was (2GB - 511)/512. The new default is 2GB/512.
This value now corresponds to INFINITY in the kernel.
Therefore, the default file size limit for a process
is RLIM_INFINITY. Changes for 10.10 | |
As of HP-UX 10.10, HP-UX conforms to XPG4 and to the X/Open
extensions to XPG4 (X/Open Portability Guide Issue 4 version 2).
This means that HP-UX conforms to UNIX 95.
See the individual commands for descriptions of changes. New Functionality for 10.10The following application programming interfaces have been added
to libc(3): The functions makecontext, setcontext, swapcontext, and
getcontext are only available in the archived version of libc.
The database management functions have been moved from libdbm.a
and libndbm.a to libc. Both libdbm.a, libndbm.a
and the corresponding shared libraries are now obsolete.
The functions initstate, setstate, random, and srandom
have been moved from the math library to libc.
The SVID3 signal handling interfaces sighold, sigignore,
sigrelse, and sigset have been moved from libV3.a to libc.
If UNIX95 is set as described
in the section "UNIX95",
the fourth parameter of the function passed to the nftw() call
is now a pass-by-reference (not a pass-by-value as in
previous releases). If UNIX95 is not set, the default behavior
is the previous behavior (a pass-by-value).
The parameter passed to sigpause() is now a signal number, not
as mask.
If the calling process is not already a session leader, setpgrp()
sets the process group ID of the calling process to the
process ID of the calling process. If setpgrp() creates a new session,
the new session has no controlling terminal.
The XPG4 behavior is activated if you set the UNIX95
environment variable.
See the corresponding manpages for details. Incompatibilities with Previous VersionsTo conform to UNIX95, the following libc interfaces have
changed and are now incompatible with previous versions: The default for the above interfaces is the previous HP-UX behavior,
which provides compatibility for existing applications. The
XPG4 behavior is an option that is activated if you set the
UNIX95 environment variable and include /usr/bin/xpg4 in the
path for executables. If UNIX95 is set as described in
the section "UNIX95",
the fourth parameter of the function passed to the
nftw() call is now a pass-by-reference, not a pass-by-value
as in previous releases.
If UNIX95 is not set, the default behavior
is the previous behavior (a pass-by-value).
The parameter passed to sigpause() is now a signal
number, not a mask.
The behavior for the setpgrp() function is as follows:
If the calling process is not already a session leader,
setpgrp() sets the process group ID of the calling process to
the process ID of the calling process. If setpgrp() creates a new session, the new session has no
controlling terminal.
getdate() - this function now conforms to XPG4
specifications. This function now recognizes leap seconds.
In addition, the %r and %R formats work with the current locale
for backwards compatibility.
syslog() -- this function now conforms to XPG4 specifications.
This function now returns void rather than int.
dbm_open() -- the fourth parameter, formerly an int is now
mode_t.
getmsg(), putmsg(), and getpmsg() -- the last parameter
of these functions, formerly a ''long'', has been changed to int.
setpriority() and getpriority() -- the second parameter
of these functions, formerly an int, has been changed to id_t.
poll -- the second parameter, formerly an int, has been changed
to nfsd_t.
tcgetsid() -- the first parameter, formerly a pid_t, has
been changed to int.
nftwh() -- is now obsolete.
Now conforms to the X/Open Curses, Issue 4 Specification, which
includes support for color, new attributes, and codesets supported
by libc. The library libcurses.a has been removed. libcurses.sl and
/usr/include/curses.h have
been replaced with a library that confirms to the
X/Open Specification. However, the previous library is still available.
The old header file is accessed by using the _HP_CURSES define
on the command line with -D_HP_CURSES. Linking .o files that were developed for use with the old curses
is no longer supported with libcurses. These .o files
can be linked with libHcurses (use -lHcurses). You should begin movement to the new default curses library because
the ability to use libHcurses and -D_HP_CURSES will
eventually be removed.
Changes for 10.0 | |
SVID3 and XPG4 ConformanceAs of HP-UX 10.0, libc conforms to the X/Open Portability Guide
Issue 4 (XPG4) and System V Interface Definition, third edition
(SVID3). XPG4 Base Profile BrandingXPG4 is the X/Open Portability Guide, Issue 4. HP-UX 10.x conforms to
the "Base Profile", which consists of: XPG4 Internationalized System Interfaces and Headers XPG4 Commands and Utilities (Historical Compatibility)
HP-UX has passed the VSX4 test suite; HP has received certificates
from X/Open certifying HP-UX's conformance to the above components and
to the profile. The next section summarizes the changes that were made at 10.0. Summary of Changes for XPG4The following tables list the new features and significant bug fixes.
Routine Change
===========================================================
catopen New NL_CAT_LOCALE processing.
iconv* New iconv(), iconv_open(), iconv_close()
functions.
nl_langinfo New ALT_DIGITS, ERA, ERA_D_T_FMT, ERA_T_FMT
processing.
printf New grouping specifier functionality (') to
printf() family of functions.
strfmon New strfmon() function, and new header
file monetary.h.
strptime New strptime() function.
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For more information, see the "New Behavior in Replacement Routines",
"iconv", and "XPG4 Conformance" sections in the README for NLS in 10.01.
Routine Change
===========================================================
y0/y1/yn Bug fix: y0(0.0), y1(0.0), yn(3.0,0.0)
now return HUGE_VAL.
log/log10 Bug fix: log(0.0), log10(0.0) now return
ERANGE.
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See “Math Library Routines (libm, libM)”
later in this chapter
for more information.
Routine Change
===========================================================
tar Bug fix: tar now handles 100 character
link name properly.
type Added exec'able version of POSIX shell
built-in command.
patch Created dummy command. Full functionality
will be in next major HP-UX release (after
10.x).
talk Created dummy command. Full functionality
will be in next major HP-UX release.
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Routine Change
===========================================================
glob.h Added new GLOB_NOSYS #define.
iconv.h Added new function prototypes for iconv(),
iconv_open() and iconv_close().
langinfo.h Added new ALT_DIGITS, ERA, ERA_D_T_FMT,
ERA_T_FMT #defines.
Corrected _NL_ITEM_MAX #define.
monetary.h New header file
nl_types.h Added new NL_CAT_LOCALE #define.
Added new strord() function prototype.
regex.h Added new REG_ENOSYS #define.
wchar.h Corrected wcschr(), wcsrchr() and wcwidth()
prototypes.
wordexp.h Added new WRDE_NOSYS #define.
sys/fcntl.h Cloned definitions of S_ISUID and S_ISGID
from sys/stat.h.
sys/ipc.h Added definition of mode_t; used it for
struct ipc member "mode". Hid struct ipc
members "ndx" and "wait" with --
(except in _KERNEL).
sys/msg.h Added definitions of msgqnum_t and msglen_t.
Used msgqnum_t for msg_qnum, and msglen_t
for msg_qbytes and msg_ts. Corrected ANSI
prototypes of msgrcv() and msgsnd()to match
manpage.
sys/shm.h Added definition of shmatt_t.
Used shmatt_t for struct msg members
"shm_nattch" and "shm_cnattch".
Corrected ANSI prototype of shmget() to
match manpage.
sys/stat.h Protected S_ISUID and S_ISGID against
redefinition.
sys/time.h Added ANSI prototype and external
declaration of strptime().
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Certain additional changes to HP-UX commands were made for consistency
with XPG4 specifications.
These changes affect all the utilities in the HP-UX
CMDS-MIN fileset. They support the use of the LC_MESSAGES
environment variable for selecting localized message catalogs. HP
will make similar changes to other commands in a future release to
provide a completely consistent messaging environment. How This Affects Your CodeThe declarations of some functions have changed (as shown above),
so programmers may see compilation warning messages in some instances.
The programmer can either ignore these messages, or update the source
code to conform to the new declarations. (In most cases, external
function declarations in application source code can just be deleted,
as these are provided in the system header files). To get a consistent messaging environment across all HP-provided
applications and utilities, set the new LC_MESSAGES environment
variable to match the LANG or LC_ALL environment variable,
since some utilities and most applications are still using LANG
rather than LC_MESSAGES. In future releases, HP will modify all HP utilities to use
LC_MESSAGES instead of LANG for message catalog selection. See the NL_CAT_LOCALE information in the
catopen(3C) manpage for information on how to make this change to
your own internationalized utilities and applications. New libc Routines at 10.0The following routines were new at 10.0 on the Series 700,
Series 800, or both.
New on Both Series 700 and S800
======================================
authdes_create key_gendes
basename key_setsecret
authdes_getucred lckpwdf
clearenv netname2host
dirname netname2user
endspent putws
getnetname re_comp
getspent re_exec
getspnam remque
grantpt setspent
host2netname sigsend
iconv sigsendset
iconv_close strfmon
iconv_open strptime
insque tcgetsid
isastream ulckpwdf
key_decryptsession unlockpt
key_encryptsession user2netname
yp_update
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New on Series 700; New on Series 800;
already on Series 800 already on Series 700
===================== =====================
blmode getclock
endfsgent gettimer
getfsgdef mktimer
getfsgent reltimer
getfsgid rmtimer
getfsgnam setclock
getfsguser
setfsgent
setfsgfil
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For more information, see “Commercial Security” and the "New and Changed
Commands and Routines" and "iconv(3C)" sections in the README for NLS in 10.01. For full details of all these routines, see the corresponding
manpages or section 3 of the HP-UX Reference. lckpwdf(3C), ulckpwdf(3C)These routines have been added to conform to the SVR4 specification.
They provide programmatic access to a standard locking mechanism
for controlling access to the /etc/passwd file. Any program that modifies
/etc/passwd should be modified to call these routines. lckpwdf locks /etc/passwd; ulckpwdf unlocks it. See also “Commercial Security”. libc Changes to Support Threadslibc routines now support threads. Most of the routines that have
been modified will continue to work in a threaded application as they
did in non-threaded ones, requiring no changes on the part of a
programmer porting code to a threaded environment. But in some cases the interface had to be changed, and in these cases
HP-UX 10.x provides two versions of the routine: the original version
for non-threaded applications, and a new version for threaded
applications. For a list of these new thread-safe routines, see
“Thread-Safe Routines” later in this section. In addition, HP has provided new routines to support locking. For a
list of these,
see “New libc Routines for Locking in Threaded Applications” later in this section. A few routines behave slightly differently in a threaded as opposed to
a non-threaded context; these are discussed under
“libc Routines that Behave Differently in Threaded Applications” later in this section. A small number of libc routines are not supported for threaded
applications. For a list of these, see “libc Routines Not Supported for Threaded Applications”. In each case that required an interface change, HP is delivering a
new, thread-safe routine alongside the existing, non-threaded routine.
The name of the thread-safe version is the name of the existing
routine plus the suffix _r; for example, the thread-safe version of
acltostr is acltostr_r. New, thread-safe routines in libc are:
acltostr_r getlogin_r nrand48_r
asctime_r getmntent_r ptsname_r
crypt_r getnetbyaddr_r pututline_r
ctime_r getnetbyname_r rand_r
drand48_r getnetent_r readdir_r
ecvt_r getprotobyname_r seed48_r
encrypt_r getprotobynumber_r setgrent_r
endgrent_r getprotoent_r sethostent_r
endhostent_r getpwent_r setkey_r_r
endnetent_r getpwnam_r setlocale_r
endprotoent_r getpwuid_r setnetent_r
endpwent_r getservbyname_r setprotoent_r
endservent_r getservbyport_r setpwent_r
endusershell_r getservent_r setservent_r
endutent_r getutid-r setusershell_r
erand48_r getutent_r setutent_r
fcvt_r getusershell_r srand48_r
fgetgrent_r getutline_r strerror_r
fgetpwent_r gmtime_r strtoacl_r
getdate_r inet_ntoa_r strtoaclpatt_r
getdiskbyname_r jrand48_r strtok_r
getgrent_r l64a_r ttyname_r
getgrgid_r lcong48_r ultoa_r
getgrnam_r localtime_r ultostr_r
gethostbyaddr_r lrand48_r utmpname_r
gethostbyname_r ltoa_r wcstok_r
gethostent_r ltostr_r
getlocale_r mrand48_r
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New, thread-safe routines in libsec are:
endspwent_r
getspwaid_r
getspwaid_r
getspwent-r
getspwnam_r
getspuid_r
setspwent_r
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For more information on routines in libsec, refer to
"Shadow Password Routines" in the
"Compatibility with 9.x Releases" section of the Upgrading from HP-UX 9.x to 10.x manual. New libc Routines for Locking in Threaded ApplicationsThe following routines support locking in threaded applications: flockfile and funlockfile explicitly lock and unlock a FILE
object. But a programmer may not need to incur the overhead of
locking and unlocking the file on every call. The programmer can minimize the locking overhead for a series of calls
in a threaded application by using the following new routines, which
ensure exclusive access to a file for a series of _unlocked stdio
calls:
clearerr_unlocked fseek_unlocked putwchar_unlocked
fclose_unlocked ftell_unlocked putws_unlocked
feof_unlocked fwrite_unlocked rewind_unlocked
ferror_unlocked getc_unlocked setvbuf_ulocked
fflush_unlocked getchar_unlocked ungetc_unlocked
fgets_unlocked getw_unlocked
fgetwc_unlocked getwc_unlocked
fgetws_unlocked getwchar_unlocked
fileno_unlocked putc_unlocked
fputs_unlocked putchar_unlocked
fputwc_unlocked puts_unlocked
fputws_unlocked putw_unlocked
fread_unlocked putwc_unlocked
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libc Routines that Behave Differently in Threaded ApplicationsThe following routines have slightly different semantics when
called from a multi-threaded application using a NULL pointer. These routines are called with a pointer to a buffer in which the
result is to be stored. For non-threaded applications, providing
a NULL pointer indicates that the routine is to store the result
in an internal static buffer and return a pointer to that internal
buffer. But if a NULL pointer is passed to one of these routines from
a multi-threaded application, the operation is not performed and
a NULL pointer is returned. libc Routines Not Supported for Threaded ApplicationsThe following routines are not supported for use in threaded
applications and have no corresponding thread-safe version.
authdes_getucred getrpcbyname
authnone_create getrpcbynumber
bindresvport getrpcent
callrpc gettransient
clnt_create hcreate
clnt_pcreateerror hdestroy
clnt_perrno innetgr
clnt_perror registerrpc
clnt_spcreateerror remexportent
clnt_sperrno setnetgrent
clnt_sperror setrpcent
endnetgrent svc_register
endrpcent svc_unregister
getexportent xprt_register
getexportopt xprt_unregister
getnetgrent
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Other Changes to libc RoutinesThis section discusses the following routines: regcomp(3C), regexec(3C), regfree(3C), regerr(3C) wordexp(3C), wordfree(3C)
See also
the next section of this document,
“Math Library Routines (libm, libM)”, the README for NLS in 10.01, and the "Compatibility with 9.x Releases"
section of the Upgrading from HP-UX 9.x to 10.x manual for a summary
of the effects of library changes on application code. 10.x closelog conforms to COSE XPG4.2 (SPEC1170); it
returns void rather than int. In the past, when the edflag was non-zero (requesting decryption),
encrypt() would return an error. The decrypt capability of the
encrypt() function is now available; you no longer need to get a
special patch from HP and link in /usr/lib/libcrypt with your
applications in order to do decryption. fnmatch has changed in the following ways: Treatment of "[.", "[=", and "[:" characters within bracketed
expressions. The sequences "[.", "[=" and "[:" are now treated as special within
bracketed expressions. They must be used to represent collation
characters, equivalence classes, or ctypes, and they must also be
properly formed. To represent the characters "[", "." (period),"=", and ":" (colon) within a
bracketed expression, make sure you do not order the characters so as to
form the above sequences. For example, an expression for a sequence of "a" followed by
"[" or "." (period) would be formed as follows: See also “regcomp(3C), regexec(3C), regfree(3C), regerr(3C)”
Header fnmatch.h: The flag FNM_QUOTE has been added. Its meaning is the inverse of
FNM_NOESCAPE.
The following error messages have been added:
FNM_ESLASH *? [] can't match /
FNM_EPERIOD *? [] can't match .
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For 10.0: Context-dependent files (CDFs) CDFs were no longer supported as of HP-UX 10.0. If glob is used
against a disk containing CDF, they will look like directories.
Directory names in matched strings The trailing slash (/) in a directory name is now included as
part of the sorting key when matched strings are being sorted. Header glob.h: Values for some flags and error codes have changed.
The flag LIB-OTHER-GLOB_QUOTE has been added. It creates the backslash character (\), which protects the next character.
Do not mix calls to 9.x glob() and globfree() with calls to
their 10.x equivalents; see "Specific Guidelines for Moving Code
from 9.x to 10.01" in the "Compatibility with 9.x Releases" section of the
Upgrading from HP-UX 9.x to 10.x manual. 10.x nftw passes the constant FTW_SLN to the passed function
fn whenever the target is a dangling symbolic link. In a future release, nftw(3C) may be further changed for COSE
XPG4.2 (SPEC1170) compliance, to pass the address of the struct
FTW which is passed to the called function fn. The existing
prototype,
extern int nftw(const char *path,
int(*fn)(const char *, const struct stat *, int,
struct FTW), int depth, int flags);
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would become:
extern int nftw(const char *path, int(*fn)
(const char *, const struct stat *, int, struct FTW *),
int depth, int flags);
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Such a change would require source code changes to application
code which calls nftw. 10.x openlog, like closelog, returns void rather than int. regcomp(3C), regexec(3C), regfree(3C), regerr(3C)For 10.0: Treatment of "[.", "[=", and "[:" characters within bracketed expressions. See
“fnmatch(3C)” earlier in this section.
Treatment of ^ and $ anchors in Extended Regular Expression (ERE). The use of duplication characters (+, *) following anchors is now
illegal. The error message returned by regcomp() is REG_EEOL or
REG_BOL. Anchor characters incorrectly placed. Anchor characters incorrectly placed in an expression now cause
the error REG_EEOL. Header regex.h: Values for some flags and error codes have changed.
The following error values have been removed: - REG_ENEWLINE
\n found before end of pattern and REG_NEWLINE
flag not set
- REG_ENSUB
more than nine \( \) pairs or nesting level too deep
- REG_EMEM
Out of memory while matching expression
- REG_ENOSEARCH
No remembered search string
- REG_EDUPOPER
Duplication operator in illegal position
- REG_ENOEXPR
No expression with () or on one side of an '|'
The following error codes have been added: - REG_EBOL
Anchor character ^ not at beginning of line - REG_EEOL
Anchor characters $ not at end of line - REG_ECHAR
Invalid multibyte character
The regex_t structure has changed. All internal data structures
have been encapsulated. Only the members defined by XPG4 are visible.
How This Affects Your Code Applications that have hardcoded return codes and flags may have to
be modified. But code using the standard constants defined in the regex.h
header file should not have any problems.
The regex_t data structure is larger than the 9.x version.
For information on setlocale(3C)/iconv(3C) see the Locales
section of the README for NLS in 10.01 (online as /usr/lib/nls/README.nls.10.01). wordexp(3C), wordfree(3C)Change: The error code WRDE_SYNTAX in some cases may be returned in place
of WRDE_BADCHAR.
See also "Pattern-Matching Routines Mixed in Unusual Ways"
in the "Compatibility with 9.x Releases" section of the Upgrading from HP-UX 9.x to 10.x manual. libc Routines No Longer SupportedThe following three categories of routines were no longer supported as of
10.0: HP-proprietary routines for HP-UX clusters.
Many HP-proprietary routines for NLS (see "Routines and Macros
No Longer Supported" and "New Behavior in Replacement Routines"
in the README for NLS in 10.01).
For more information and advice, programmers should read
"Specific Guidelines for Moving Code from 9.x to 10.01"
in the "Compatibility with 9.x Releases" section of the Upgrading from HP-UX 9.x to 10.x manual. |
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