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HP-UX 64-bit Porting and Transition Guide: HP 9000 Computers

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HP Part Number: 5966-9844

Published: November 1997

© Copyright 1997 Hewlett-Packard Company.

Table of Contents

Related Documentation
Finding this Manual
Printing History

Overview of HP-UX 11.00

Benefits for 64-bit Applications

HP-UX Compilers

Transition Tools

Cross-Platform Development

Compiler Options for Cross Development
Compiling in Networked Environments

Compatibility with Previous Releases

2 Summary of Changes

Programming Toolset

64-bit Linker Toolset Features

Link Time Differences

Run Time Differences

Dynamic Path Searching for Shared Libraries
Symbol Searching in Dependent Libraries

System Libraries

32-bit and 64-bit Application Interoperability

General Issue
Shared Memory
Message Queues
Memory-Mapped Files
nlist
X11/graphics
Large Files
pstat

3 HP-UX 64-bit Porting Concepts

ILP32 and LP64 Data Models

Data Type Sizes

ILP32 to LP64 Porting Concerns

Data Truncation
Pointers
Data Type Promotion
Data Alignment and Data Sharing
Constants
Bit Fields
Bit Shifts and Bit Masks
Enumerated Types

Architecture Specific Changes

Assembly Language
Object File Format
Procedure Calling Conventions

HP-UX 64-bit Performance Considerations

What Impacts Performance in 64-bit Applications
Tuning Your 64-bit Application

4 Transitioning C and aC++ Programs to 64-bit Mode

Step 1: Identify Programs that Need to Compile to 64-bit Mode

Step 2: Identify Non-Portable Constructs

Step 3: Make Source Code Changes

Avoid Assigning longs to ints
Avoid Arithmetic between Signed and Unsigned Numbers
Avoid Storing Pointers in ints
Avoid Truncating Function Return Values
Avoid Passing Invalid Structure References
Avoid Pointer Arithmetic between longs and ints
Avoid Casting Pointers to ints or ints to Pointers
Avoid Using Unnamed and Unqualified Bit Fields
Avoid Using Literals and Masks that Assume 32 bits
Avoid Hardcoding Size of Data Types
Avoid Hardcoding Bit Shift Values
Avoid Hardcoding Constants with malloc(), memory(3), string(3)
Use Appropriate Print Specifiers

Step 4: Compile in 64-bit Mode

5 Writing Portable Code

Making Code 64-bit Clean

Using Integral Types Defined in <inttypes.h>

Integer Data Types with Consistent Lengths
intfast Data Types with Defined Minimum Sizes

Guidelines for Using <inttypes.h>

Using portal.h

Using Portable Bit Masks

Using pstat(2) instead of /dev/kmem

Getting Configurable System Information

Isolating System-Specific Code

Using System-Specific Include Files

List of Figures

2-1 Search Order of Dependent Libraries
2-2 New Subdirectory for 64-bit Libraries (pa20_64)
3-1 Data Type Promotion Example in ILP32
3-2 Data Type Promotion Example in LP64
3-3 ILP32 Alignment of struct tnode
3-4 LP64 Alignment of struct tnode
3-5 Bit Shift Overflow in LP64
4-1 Title not available (Avoid Pointer Arithmetic between longs and ints )

List of Tables

1-1 Capacity Limits of Recent HP-UX Releases
1-2 Compiler Option / Hardware Architecture Run-time Compatibility
2-1 Differences between HP-UX 32-bit and 64-bit Data Models
2-2 New and Changed HP C Features
2-3 New aC++ Features
2-4 HP-UX Programming Tools
2-5 Summary of New Linker 64-bit Toolset Features
2-6 Unsupported Linker Features in 64-bit Mode
2-7 Dynamic Loading Differences
3-1 HP C/HP-UX 32-bit and 64-bit Base Data Types
3-2 ILP32 and LP64 Data Alignment
5-1 C Basic Integer Types in <sys/_inttypes.h>
5-2 Pointer Types in <inttypes.h>
5-3 Title not available (Using Integer Data Types with Consistent Lengths )

List of Examples

4-1 Simple Assignment Truncation
4-2 Bit Shift Truncation
4-3 Comparison between Signed and Unsigned Numbers
4-4 Function Prototype Truncation
4-5 System Library Truncation of Return Values
4-6 Using the __LP64__ Predefined Macro and Complement (~) Operator

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© 1997 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.