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NFS Services Administrator's Guide: HP-UX 11i version 2

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HP Part Number: 5991-1154

Published: E0205

© Copyright 2004 Hewlett-Packard Company.

Table of Contents

Preface: About This Document

Intended Audience

New and Changed Documentation in This Edition

Publishing History

What’s in This document

Typographical Conventions

HP Encourages Your Comments

1 Installing NFS Services

Installing the NFS Services Software
Overview of NFS Services

2 Configuring and Administering NFS Services

Configuring NFS Services

Checking the Network Connections
Setting User IDs and Group IDs (if neither NIS nor NIS+ is used)
Ensuring that A User is Not a Member of Too Many Groups

Configuring and Administering an NFS Server

Exporting Directories to NFS Clients
Enable NFS Server Capability
Removing (Unexporting) an Exported Directory
Enabling PC NFS Server Capability
Disabling NFS Server Capability

Configuring and Administering an NFS Client

Deciding Between Standard-Mounted Directories and Automounted Directories
Mounting a Remote Directory Using a Standard NFS Mount
Enabling NFS Client Capability
Verifying the NFS Client Configuration
Changing the Default Mount Options
Ensuring Data Integrity Between the Client and Server
Removing (Unmounting) a Mounted Directory
Disabling NFS Client Capability

NFS Client and Server Transport Connections

NFS Client Transport Connections
NFS Server Transport Connections

Configuring and Administering AutoFS

New Features of AutoFS 2.3
Comparing AutoFS To an Old Automounter
Comparing AutoFS 2.3 To AutoFS 1.2
Updating From Automounter to AutoFS 2.3
How AutoFS Works
On-Demand Mounting
Browsability for Indirect Maps
NFS Loopback Mount
Automount Command Line Options
Automountd Command Line Options
Automounting All Exported Directories from Any Host Using the -hosts Map
Deciding Between Direct and Indirect NFS Automounts
Mounting a Remote Directory Using a Direct AutoFS Map
Mounting a Remote Directory Using an Indirect AutoFS Map
Executable Maps
Configuring Multiple (Replicated) Servers for an AutoFS Directory
Use Environment Variables as Shortcuts in AutoFS Maps
Use Wildcard Characters as Shortcuts in AutoFS Maps
Automounting Home Directories
Automounting Multiple Directories Simultaneously (Hierarchical Mounts)
Including an AutoFS Map in Another AutoFS Map
Creating a Hierarchy of AutoFS Maps
Turning Off an AutoFS Map with the -null Map
AutoFS 2.3 Support for HP CIFS Client
Enabling AutoFS
Disabling AutoFS
Verifying the AutoFS Configuration
Modifying or Removing an Automounted Directory Within a Map
Restarting AutoFS

Configuring and Using NFS Netgroups

Creating Netgroups in the /etc/netgroup File
Creating Netgroups in the NIS+ netgroup Table
Using Netgroups in Configuration Files

Configuring the Other NFS Daemons and Services

Enabling Other NFS Services
Restricting Access to Other NFS Services

3 Configuring the Cache File System (CacheFS)

Overview of the Cache File System

CacheFS Terms

Configuring CacheFS

Configure a Local File System as Cache
Mount an NFS File System Using CacheFS
Automount a File System Using CacheFS

4 Configuring and Administering NIS

Overview of NIS

Information Managed by NIS
Structure of the NIS Network

Planning the NIS Network

Determine the Number of NIS Domains You Need
Determine the Number of NIS Servers You Need
Determine Which Hosts Will Be NIS Servers
Draw an NIS Network Map

Configuring and Administering an NIS Master Server

Create the Master passwd File
Create the Master group File
Create the Master hosts File
Enable NIS Master Server Capability
Verify Your NIS Master Server Configuration
Configure the NIS Master Server to Use a Private passwd File
Restrict Client and Slave Server Access to the Master Server
Check the Contents of an NIS Map
Modify an NIS Map
Add an AutoFS Map to the NIS Domain
Remove an AutoFS Map from Your NIS Domain
Add a Slave Server to Your NIS Domain
Remove a Slave Server from Your NIS Domain
Query BIND for Host Information After Querying NIS
Use NIS With Short File Names
Configure an HP-UX Master Server in a Domain with Sun Systems

Configuring and Administering an NIS Slave Server

Edit the Slave Server’s passwd File
Edit the Slave Server group File
Enable NIS Slave Server Capability
Verify Your NIS Slave Server Configuration
Schedule Regular Map Transfers from the NIS Master Server
Restrict Access to the Slave Server

Configuring and Administering an NIS Client

Edit the NIS Client passwd File
Edit the NIS Client group File
Enable NIS Client Capability
Verify Your NIS Client Configuration
Tell Users How to Use yppasswd
Prevent a Client from Binding to Unknown Servers
Bind an NIS Client to a Server on a Different Subnet

Configuring and Administering Secure RPC (if NIS+ is not used)

Let Users Create Secure RPC Keys
Create Secure RPC Keys for Users
Create Secure RPC Keys for Hosts
Explain Secure RPC to Users

Summary of NIS Commands

5 Configuring and Administering NIS+

Overview of NIS+

Advantages of NIS+ over NIS
Disadvantages of NIS+
Structure of the NIS+ Namespace
Structure of an NIS+ Domain
How NIS+ Information is Stored and Propagated
NIS+ Tables
NIS+ Authentication and Authorization
NIS Compatibility Mode

Planning the NIS+ Namespace

Determine the Number of NIS+ Domains
Determine the Number of NIS+ Servers
Determine Which Hosts Will Be NIS+ Servers

Setting Up the NIS+ Namespace

Set Up the Root Master Server
Populate the NIS+ Tables on the Master Server
Add Administrators to the NIS+ admin Group
Set Up NIS+ Client Hosts
Set Up NIS+ Replica Servers
Initialize NIS+ Client Users
Set Up an NIS+ Subdomain
Use BIND With NIS+
Allow an NIS+ User Authenticated Access to Another Domain

Administering NIS+

List the Properties of NIS+ Objects
Change the Default Properties for New NIS+ Objects
Change the Permissions for NIS+ Objects
Change the Ownership of NIS+ Objects
Change the Search Order of Domains
List the Contents of an NIS+ Table
Search an NIS+ Table
Add an Entry to an NIS+ Table
Remove an Entry from an NIS+ Table
Modify an Entry in an NIS+ Table
Add a Host to an NIS+ Domain
Add a User to an NIS+ Domain
Create New Credentials for an Existing NIS+ Principal
Create New Credentials for the Root Master Server
Change a Password
Create an NIS+ Table
Remove an NIS+ Table
Create or Remove Paths Among Tables
Create or Remove an NIS+ Group
Add or Remove Members of an NIS+ Group
Remove a Replica Server from an NIS+ Domain
Remove an NIS+ Domain
Back Up NIS+ Tables

Summary of NIS+ Commands

6 Configuring the Name Service Switch

Installing and Customizing the nsswitch.conf File
Syntax of the nsswitch.conf File
Default Configuration
Troubleshooting the Name Service Switch

7 Configuring and Using the Remote Execution Facility (REX)

How REX Works

REX Example

Configuring REX

Configure REX
Configure REX Security
Configure Logging for the rexd Daemon

8 Troubleshooting NFS Services

Common Problems with NFS

NFS “Server Not Responding” Message
“Access Denied” Message
“Permission Denied” Message
“Unknown Host” or “Not In Hosts Database” Message
“Device Busy” Message
“Stale File Handle” Message
A Program Hangs
Data is Lost Between the Client and the Server
Cannot Start New Processes
“Too Many Levels of Remote in Path” Message

Common Problems with NIS

NIS “Server Not Responding” Message
A User Cannot Log In
“Unknown Host” Message
An NIS Client Cannot Bind to a Server
NIS Returns Incorrect Information

Common Problems with NIS+

NIS+ Cannot Find an Object
Authentication or Permissions Problems
Insufficient Memory or Disk Space
An “Unable to Fork” Message
A User Cannot Log In
nisping -C Fails or Transaction Logs Are Not Truncated
Failure of a Replica Update
“Illegal Object Type” Message
“Could Not Bind to Server” Message
“Generic System Error” or “Possible Loop Detected” Message
“Corrupt Log” or “Corrupt Database” Message

Performance Tuning

Diagnose NFS Performance Problems
Improve NFS Server Performance
Adjust the Number of nfsd Processes
Improve NFS Client Performance
To Improve NIS+ Performance

Logging and Tracing of NFS Services

NFS Logging
AutoFS Logging
AutoFS Tracing
Logging for the Other NFS Services
NIS Logging
NIS+ Logging
Logging With nettl and netfmt
Tracing With nettl and netfmt

Normal System Startup

A NIS+ Error Messages

List of Figures

2-1 Symbolic Links in NFS Mounts
2-2 NFS Mount of man pages
2-3 NFS Mount of Home Directories
2-4 Automounted Directories for On-Demand Mounting
2-5 Automounted Directories from -hosts Map—One Server
2-6 Automounted Directories from -hosts Map—Two Servers
2-7 The Difference Between Direct Mounts and Indirect Mounts
2-8 Example of Direct Mounts
2-9 How AutoFS Sets Up NFS Indirect Mounts
2-10 Home Directories Automounted with Wildcards
2-11 Example of CIFS Direct Mounts
2-12 How AutoFS Sets Up CIFS Indirect Mounts
4-1 Flow of Information in an NIS Network
4-2 Servers that Server Multiple NIS Domains
4-3 Example NIS Network Map
5-1 Sample NIS+ Namespace
5-2 NIS+ Directory Structure of the “Wiz.Com.” and “Eng.Wiz.Com.” Domains
5-3 Format of the NIS+ Permissions String
7-1 REX Example

List of Tables

1 Publishing History Details
2-1 Standard-Mounted vs. Automounted Directories
2-2 NFS Mount Options
2-3 NFS Caching Options
2-4 Old Automount Command-Line Options Used By AutoFS
2-5 Automount Command-Line Options available for AutoFS 2.3
2-6 Automountd Command-Line Options available for AutoFS 2.3
2-7 Direct vs. Indirect AutoFS Map Types
2-8 Other NFS Services
4-1 Summary of NIS Commands
5-1 Standard NIS+ Tables
5-2 Summary of NIS+ Commands
6-1 Name Service Switch Configuration Files in /etc Directory
6-2 Types of Lookups Controlled by the Name Service Switch
6-3 Name Services Supported by the Name Service Switch
8-1 Title not available (“Stale File Handle” Message)
8-2 Startup Scripts for the NFS Services

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