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HP Pascal/HP-UX Programmer's Guide

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HP Part Number: 92431-90014

Edition: Sixth Edition

Published: August 1992

© Copyright 1987-1992 Hewlett-Packard Company.

Table of Contents

Printing History

Conventions

1 Introduction

Introduction

2 Program Structure

Introduction

Syntactic Structure

Program Heading
Program Block

Compilation Unit Structure

Modules
Global, Subprogram, and External Compilation Units

Separate Compilation

Using Modules
Using SUBPROGRAM
Using GLOBAL/EXTERNAL
Using SUBPROGRAM with GLOBAL

External Interfaces

3 Input/Output

Introduction

General File Information

Physical Files
Logical Files
Textfiles
Current Position Indexes
File Buffer Variables and Selectors

Opening Files

Associate Procedure

Disassociate Procedure

Sequential Input/Output

Textfile Input/Output

Direct Input/Output

Closing Files

4 Predefined Pascal Constants, Data Types, and Modules

Introduction

Values of Predefined Constants

Ranges of Predefined Data Types

Predefined Modules

stdinput
stdoutput
stderr
arg
pas_hp1000

5 Allocation and Alignment

Introduction

Allocation, Alignment, and Packing Algorithm

Unpacked Variables

Packed Variables

Packed Arrays

Packed Records

Crunched Arrays and Records

Crunched Sets

Enumerations and Subranges

Unpacked Enumeration or Unsigned Subranges
Packed Array Elements of Enumeration or Subrange Types
Packed Record Elements of Enumeration or Subrange Types

6 Dynamic Variables

Introduction
GLOBALANYPTR Variables
LOCALANYPTR Variables
New Procedure
Dispose Procedure
Mark and Release Procedures
P_getheap and P_rtnheap Procedures
Getheap and Rtnheap Procedures

7 Parameters

Introduction

Value versus Reference Parameters

ANYVAR Parameters

READONLY Parameters

Conformant Array Parameters

Routines as Parameters

Routine Parameters
Parameters of Routine Types
Variables of Routine Types
Call Procedure
Fcall Function

Congruent Parameter Lists

Hidden Parameters

ANYVAR Parameters
Generic String Parameters
Extensible Parameter List
Multidimensional Conformant Array Parameters
Routine Parameters
EXTERNAL SPL VARIABLE

8 Procedure Options

Introduction

DEFAULT_PARMS

Haveoptvarparm Function
Haveextension Function

UNCHECKABLE ANYVAR

9 External Routines

Introduction
EXTERNAL Directive
Calling HP C from HP Pascal
Calling COBOL II from HP Pascal
Calling FORTRAN 77 from HP Pascal
Calling FORTRAN 66/V from HP Pascal
Calling SPL from HP Pascal
Switch Stubs
How Non-Pascal Programs Call Pascal Routines
How To Do Pascal I/O with a Non-Pascal Outer Block

10 Intrinsics

Introduction

Using Intrinsics

Specifying Intrinsic Files
INTRINSIC Directive
Actual and Intrinsic Parameter Compatibility
Formal and Intrinsic Function Type Compatibility
User-Defined Formal Parameters
Using Intrinsic Functions as Procedures

Defining Intrinsics

How to Build or Change an Intrinsic File

11 Error Recovery and Debugging

Introduction

Error Recovery

Escape Procedure
Escapecode Function
TRY-RECOVER Construct
TRY-RECOVER and Optimization
Assert Procedure

ARITRAP and HPENBLTRAP Intrinsics
XLIBTRAP Intrinsic
XARITRAP Intrinsic
XCONTRAP Intrinsic

HP TOOLSET/XL and HP Symbolic Debuggers

System Debuggers

12 The Optimizer

Introduction

When to Use the Optimizer

Invoking the Optimizer

Basic Blocks

Level One Optimization

Branch Optimization
Dead Code Elimination
Faster Register Allocation
Instruction Scheduling
Peephole Optimization
Real Expression Folding

Level Two Optimization

Coloring Register Allocation
Induction Variable Elaboration and Strength Reduction
Common Subexpression Elimination
Constant Folding
Loop-Invariant Code Motion
Store-Copy Optimization
Unused Definition Elimination

Optimizer Assumptions

Writing Programs That Are Easily Optimized

What to Do If the Optimized Program Fails

A MPE/iX Dependencies

System-Dependent Features

Compiler Options
File Names
Associating Logical and Physical Files
Using File Equations
Default File Attributes
Standard Modules
Additional Features
Restrictions on Using Executable Libraries (XLs)

MPE/iX Extensions

ccode Function
Fnum Function
Get_alignment Function
Statement_number Function
Setconvert Procedure
Strconvert Procedure
Pascal/V Packing Algorithm

Compiling, Linking, and Running Your Program

Command Files
:RUN PASCALXL.PUB.SYS
Run-Time Parameters

B HP-UX Dependencies

System Dependent Features

Compiler Options
File Names
Standard Modules
Additional Features

HP-UX Extensions

Accessing Special Global Variables
Fnum Function
Get_alignment Function
Statement_number Function

Compiling, Linking, and Running Your Program

pc Command
Run-Time Parameters
Associating Program Header Files with Run-Time Parameters
Interrupt Handling
Run-Time Error Handling

Compiling for Different Versions of the PA-RISC Architecture

Using +DA to Generate Code for a Specific Version of PA-RISC
Using +DS to Specify Instruction Scheduling
Guidelines for Using +DA and +DS
Compiling in Networked Environments

List of Figures

1-1 Relationship Between HP Pascal and Other Pascals
2-1 Syntactic Structure of a Program
2-2 Program Block Example
2-3 Syntactic Structure of a Module
2-4 Program Structure Example
2-5 What a Module Can Access
3-1 Relationships Between I/O Varieties and File Types
3-2 File Relationships
3-3 Relationship Between Current Position Index and Current Component
3-4 Associate Procedure Example
3-5 Effect of Associate Procedure on Open File
3-6 Effect of Associate Procedure on Open File
5-1 Allocation and Alignment Example 1
5-2 Allocation and Alignment Example 2
5-3 Allocation and Alignment Example 3
5-4 Array Example 1
5-5 Array Example 2
5-6 TRUE Variant
5-7 FALSE Variant
5-8 Records Example 1
5-9 Records Example 2
5-10 Records Example 3
5-11 Records Example 4
5-12 Packed Array Example 1
5-13 Packed Array Example 2
5-14 Crunched Arrays and Records Example 1
5-15 Crunched Arrays and Records Example 2
5-16 Crunched Arrays and Records Example 3
5-17 Crunched Arrays and Records Example 4
5-18 Enumerations and Subranges Example 1
5-19 Enumerations and Subranges Example 2
5-20 Enumerations and Subranges Example 3
5-21 Sets Example 1
5-22 Sets Example 2
5-23 String Byte Allocation
5-24 Strings Example 1
5-25 Strings Example 2
9-1 How a Switch Stub Works
11-1 Title not available (TRY-RECOVER Construct )
11-2 Title not available (TRY-RECOVER Construct )
11-3 How the Predefined Procedure Assert Works
12-1 Title not available (Instruction Scheduling )
12-2 Title not available (Instruction Scheduling )
A-1 Title not available (File Names )
A-2 Title not available (Arrays )
A-3 Title not available (Arrays )
A-4 Title not available (Records )
A-5 Title not available (Records )
A-6 Title not available (Records )
A-7 Title not available (Records )
A-8 Title not available (Sets )
A-9 Title not available (Sets )
A-10 Title not available (Strings )
A-11 Title not available (Strings )
A-12 Title not available (Strings )
A-13 Title not available (Packed Enumerations )
A-14 Title not available (Packed Enumerations )
A-15 Title not available (Packed Enumerations )
A-16 Title not available (Packed Enumerations )
A-17 Title not available (Packed Subranges of Enumerations )
A-18 Title not available (Packed Subranges of Enumerations )
A-19 Title not available (Packed Subranges of Enumerations )
A-20 Title not available (Packed Subranges of Enumerations )
A-21 Title not available (Packed Subranges of Integers )
A-22 Title not available (Packed Subranges of Integers )
A-23 Title not available (Packed Subranges of Integers )
A-24 How Source Code Becomes a Running Program on MPE/iX
B-1 How a File Becomes a Running Program on HP-UX

List of Tables

1 Document Print History
1-1 HP Pascal/HP Subsystem Interface Examples
1-2 HP Pascal/Debugger Interface Examples
3-1 Categories of Input/Output Routines
3-2 Characteristics of File-Opening Procedures
3-3 Characteristics of Associate Procedure
3-4 Characteristics of Sequential I/O Procedures
3-5 Characteristics of Sequential File Functions
3-6 Characteristics of Textfile I/O Procedures
3-7 Characteristics of Textfile Functions
3-8 Characteristics of Direct I/O Procedures
3-9 Characteristics of Direct File Functions
4-1 Title not available (Values of Predefined Constants )
4-2 Ranges and Sizes of Predefined HP Pascal Types
5-1 Allocation and Alignment of Unpacked Variables (HP Pascal Packing Algorithm)
5-2 Allocation and Alignment of Packed Variables (HP Pascal Packing Algorithm)
5-3 Title not available (Arrays )
5-4 Array Documentation Map
5-5 Allocation and Alignment of Packed Array Elements (HP Pascal Packing Algorithm)
5-6 Allocation and Alignment of Packed Record Fields (HP Pascal Packing Algorithm)
5-7 Allocation of Crunched Array Elements and Record Fields (HP Pascal Packing Algorithm)
5-8 Allocation and Alignment of Crunched Sets in Arrays and Records (HP Pascal Packing Algorithm)
5-9 Allocation and Alignment of Unpacked Enumeration or Unsigned Subrange Variables (HP Pascal Packing Algorithm)
5-10 Allocation and Alignment of Packed Array Elements of Enumeration or Subrange Type (HP Pascal Packing Algorithm)
5-11 Allocation of File Components (HP Pascal Packing Algorithm)
5-12 Title not available (Files )
5-13 How Set Chunk Size Is Determined (HP Pascal Packing Algorithm)
5-14 Bit and Set Chunk Requirements for Boolean, Char, and Integer Types (HP Pascal Packing Algorithm)
6-1 Dynamic versus Static Variables
7-1 Comparison of Kinds of Formal Parameters
7-2 Routine Parameters versus Parameters of Routine Type
7-3 Hidden Parameters
7-4 Title not available (ANYVAR Parameters )
7-5 Title not available (Multidimensional Conformant Array Parameters )
7-6 Title not available (Routine Parameters )
7-7 Title not available (EXTERNAL SPL VARIABLE )
8-1 Title not available (EXTENSIBLE )
8-2 Values Passed to Formal Parameter x
8-3 Title not available (Haveoptvarparm Function )
8-4 Values Returned by Haveoptvarparm(x)
8-5 Title not available (Haveextension Function )
8-6 Values Returned by Haveextension(x)
9-1 Corresponding HP Pascal and HP C Types
9-2 Corresponding HP Pascal and Cobol II Types
9-3 Corresponding HP Pascal and FORTRAN 77 or FORTRAN 66/V Types
9-4 Corresponding HP Pascal and SPL Types
10-1 Intrinsic-Compatible Intrinsic and Actual Reference Parameter Types
10-2 Intrinsic-Compatible Intrinsic and Actual Value Parameter Types
10-3 Intrinsic-Compatible Intrinsic and Formal Reference Parameter Types
10-4 Compatible Intrinsic and Formal Reference Parameter Types
10-5 Intrinsic-Compatible Intrinsic and Formal Value Parameter Types
12-1 Unoptimized and Optimized Branch Instruction Sequences
12-2 Title not available (Real Expression Folding )
A-1 Default File Attributes
A-2 Allocation and Alignment of Unpacked Variables (Pascal/V Packing Algorithm)
A-3 Allocation and Alignment of Packed Array Elements (Pascal/V Packing Algorithm)
A-4 Allocation and Alignment of Packed Record Fields (Pascal/V Packing Algorithm)
A-5 Bit and Byte Pair Requirements for Boolean, Char, and Integer Base Types (Pascal/V Packing Algorithm)
A-6 Allocation and Alignment of Enumeration Elements of Packed Arrays (Pascal/V Packing Algorithm)
A-7 Allocation and Alignment of Enumeration Fields of Packed Records (Pascal/V Packing Algorithm)
A-8 Allocation and Alignment of Enumeration-of-Subrange Elements of Packed Arrays (Pascal/V Packing Algorithm)
A-9 Allocation and Alignment of Elements of Packed Arrays of Subrange Type (Pascal/V Packing Algorithm)
A-10 MPE/iX Command Files That Compile, Link, and Run a Program
A-11 Equivalent MPE V Commands and MPE/iX Command Files
A-12 PARM Values and Their Meanings

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