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Chapter 12 Summary of Special Character Entities
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The following special characters can be inserted into text by typing the associated entity name in the position where the special character is to appear.

NOTE: To use any of the entity names that are marked with an asterisk, you must use the helpchar.ent file as explained in “To include a special character”. The file is in /usr/vhelp/helptag/.
Symbol and entity name

Description

Current Date and Time. 

6/13/97 &date;

Today's date (when HelpTag is run)

14:28 &time;

Current time (when HelpTag is run)

Typographical Symbols. 

© ©

Copyright symbol

® ®

Registered symbol

™ &tm;

Trademark symbol

- &endash;

En dash (short dash)

— —

Em dash (long dash)

• • *

Bullet

... &ellipsis;

Ellipsis (horizontal)

.... &pellipsis;

Ellipsis (end-of-sentence)

[vellip] &vellipsis;

Vertical ellipsis

' &squote;

Single quote

" &dquote;

Double quote

⊔ &vblank;

Vertical blank

( ) ∅

Empty (no text)

( ) &sigspace;

Significant space

§ &S; *

Section

&P; *

Paragraph

Basic Math Symbols. 

- −

Minus

± ±

Plus over minus

÷ ÷

Divide

× ×

Multiply

≤ ≤

Less than or equal to

≥ ≥

Greater than or equal to

≠ &neq;

Not equal to

Units. 

AM &a.m.;

AM

PM &p.m.;

PM

° °

Degrees

′ &minutes;

Minutes, prime, or feet

″ &seconds;

Seconds, double prime, or inches

Currency Symbols. 

¢ &cents;

Cents

£ &sterling;

Sterling

Lowercase Greek Letters. 

α α *

Lowercase Greek Alpha

β β *

Lowercase Greek Beta

χ χ *

Lowercase Greek Chi

δ δ *

Lowercase Greek Delta

∊ ϵ *

Alternate lowercase Greek Epsilon

φ φ *

Lowercase Greek Phi

ϕ ϕ *

Open lowercase Greek Phi

γ γ *

Lowercase Greek Gamma

η η *

Lowercase Greek Eta

ι ι *

Lowercase Greek Iota

κ κ *

Lowercase Greek Kappa

λ λ *

Lowercase Greek Lambda

μ μ *

Lowercase Greek Mu

ν ν *

Lowercase Greek Nu

π π *

Lowercase Greek Pi

ϖ ϖ *

Alternate lowercase Greek Pi (or Omega)

θ θ *

Lowercase Greek Theta

ϑ ϑ *

Open lowercase Greek Theta

ρ ρ *

Lowercase Greek Rho

σ σ *

Lowercase Greek Sigma

τ τ *

Lowercase Greek Tau

υ υ *

Lowercase Greek Upsilon

ω ω *

Lowercase Greek Omega

ξ ξ *

Lowercase Greek Xi

ψ ψ *

Lowercase Greek Psi

ζ ζ *

Lowercase Greek Zeta

Uppercase Greek Letters. 

Δ &Udelta; *

Uppercase Greek Delta

Φ &Uphi; *

Uppercase Greek Phi

Γ &Ugamma; *

Uppercase Greek Gamma

Λ &Ulambda; *

Uppercase Greek Lambda

Π &Upi; *

Uppercase Greek Pi

Θ &Utheta; *

Uppercase Greek Theta

Σ &Usigma; *

Uppercase Greek Sigma

ϒ &Uupsilon; *

Uppercase Greek Upsilon

Ω &Uomega; *

Uppercase Greek Omega

Ξ &Uxi; *

Uppercase Greek Xi

ϒ ϒ *

Uppercase Greek Psi

Advanced Math Symbols. 

2 &squared; *

Squared

3 &cubed; *

Cubed

1/4 &one-fourth; *

One fourth

1/2 &one-half; *

One half

3/4 &three-fourths; *

Three fourths

∞ &infty; *

Infinity

≡ ≡ *

Exactly equals

≠ &not-eq; *

Not equal to

≈ ≈ *

Approximate sign (two wavy lines)

¬ &neg; *

Not

∩ ∩ *

Cap (Set intersection)

∪ ∪ *

Cup (Set union)

∨ ∨ *

Vee (Logical OR)

∧ ∧ *

Wedge (Logical AND)

∊ ∈ *

In

⊂ ⊂ *

Proper subset

⊆ ⊆ *

Subset

⊃ ⊃ *

Proper superset

⊇ ⊇ *

Superset

∀ ∀ *

For all (Universal symbol)

∃ &exists; *

There exists (Existential symbol)

f &function; *

Function symbol (or florin sign)

∠ ∠ *

Angle

≅ ≅ *

Congruent

∝ ∝ *

Proportional to

⊥ ⊥ *

Perpendicular to

· ċ *

Centered dot

⊕ ⊕ *

Plus in circle

⊗ ⊗ *

Times in circle

ų ø *

Slash in circle (Empty set)

∂ &partial; *

Partial differential delta

Σ ∑ *

Summation (Uppercase Greek Sigma)

Π ∏ *

Product (Uppercase Greek Pi)

Arrows. 

← ← *

Left arrow

→ → *

Right arrow

↑ ↑ *

Up arrow

↓ ↓ *

Down arrow

↔ ↔ *

Left/right arrow

⇐ &bigleftarrow; *

Big left arrow

⇒ &bigrightarrow; *

Big right arrow

⇑ &biguparrow; *

Big up arrow

⇓ &bigdownarrow; *

Big down arrow

⇔ &bigleftrightarrow; *

Big left/right arrow

Card Suits. 

⋄ ♦ *

Diamond suit

♥ ♥ *

Heart suit

♠ ♠ *

Spade suit

♣ ♣ *

Club suit

Miscellaneous Symbols. 

♦ ⋄ *

Diamond

ℵ ℵ *

Hebrew Aleph

∇ ∇ *

Nabla (Inverted uppercase Greek Delta)

√ &surd; *

Radical segment, diagonal

℘ ℘ *

Weierstraussain symbol

ℜ ℜ *

Fraktur R

ℑ &im; *

Fraktur I

See also. 



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Chapter 13 Command Summary  
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