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HP PEX Implementation and Programming Supplement: HP9000 Series 700 Color Workstations
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HP Part Number: B2355-90118

Published: June 1996

© Copyright 1996 Hewlett-Packard Company.

Table of Contents

Printing History
About This Book
What's New in This Book
HP CDE and HP VUE
HP PEX Learning Products
Documentation Published by O'Reilly and Associates
Document Conventions
1 An Overview of the HP PEX Product
The HP PEX Product
Supporting The Common Graphics Environment (CGE)
Supporting Selected PEX 5.2 Functionality and HP Extensions
Product Structure
Supported Workstation Configurations
Supported Environments
Mixing Graphics APIs
Information At The Speed Of Sight!
HP PEX Documentation: Tutorial, Reference, and Help
How to Access the HP PEX On-Line Information System
The Tutorial Gets You Started...
Reference Information Fast...
How to Run Examples and Demos
How to Print HP PEX Images
How to Access PEXlib 5.2 Standard Specification Draft on the World Wide Web (WWW)
2 Installation And Setup
Introduction
Special Considerations for the HP-UX 10.0 Release
Special Consideration for the HP-UX 9.0X Releases
HP-UX and Older HP PEX Applications Running on a More Recent HP-UX 9.07 System
HP-UX New HP PEX Applications Running on Older HP-UX Systems
HP-UX 9.05 or 9.07 X Windows Applications Running on HP-UX 9.01 or 9.03
Installation/Verification Instructions
Is Your System Software Preloaded with Instant Ignition?
Verify HP PEXlib on Your Workstation
Setting Up the On-line Information System
How to Print On-Line Information
How to Change the Appearance of your On-Line Display
Using a Font Other Than the Default
Using the Command Line Prompt to Start the On-Line System
On-Line Learning Product File Structure
Information for HP-UX 9.0x System Administrators
To Load HP PEX
If You Experience Difficulty During Installation
If You Reinstall The X Window System
If You Reinstall the HP-UX Operating System
The HP PEX File Structure
The PEXlib Filesets
Server Files
3 Running HP PEXlib Programs
Introduction
Operating Methods
Direct Hardware Access Method (DHA)
Visible Behavioral Differences of DHA Method
PEX Protocol Method
X Protocol Method
Setting and Using Environment Variables
How To Set Environment Variables
Using Environment Variables
PEX Fonts
Parameter Error Checking and Reporting
The Effects of Client Failures
4 Utilities, Compiling And Linking, Examples and Demos
Introduction
Including Header Files In Your Applications
Using the Utility Programs
Examples, Utilities and Demo Programs
How To Link To Shared Libraries
5 Performance Hints
Steps to Getting Good 3D Graphics Performance
Identify SPU and Graphics Hardware Suited For the Application
Where to Get Information About HP Systems
System Level Benchmarks
Graphics Benchmarks
Other Considerations
Choosing a 3D Graphics Application Programmer Interface
Determining How the Application is Using System Resources
Choosing an Effective Benchmark
Identify the Bottlenecks
Performance Analysis Tools
Profiling Your Code
Other Tools
Interpreting Published Performance Data
Examining Graphics Interactions
Systematically Tuning Your Graphics Application
Attribute Suppression Experiments
PEX Specifics
If the Bottleneck is Not Graphics
Summary
6 Writing HP PEXlib Programs
Introduction
Determining A Server's Features
PEX Extensions
PEX Subset Lists
HP Implementation Details for Writing Programs
HP PEXlib Programming
Color
1: Choose a Visual in which the Window Will be Created
2: Determine Use of Transparent Overlay Planes
3: Create a Colormap or Find One to Share With Other Similar Clients in that Visual
4: Load Colors into the Colormap
5: Create a Window in the Chosen Visual, with the Colormap
PEX Color Support Basics — Portability and Interoperability
PEX Color Support Basics — One Last Note...
Color Support in HP PEX
Alpha Blending and Transparency
Anti-aliasing
Line Primitives and Attributes
Area Primitives and Attributes
Capping and Interference Checking
Deformation
Text and Fonts
Marker and Cell Array
B-spline Curves and Surfaces
Bundled Attributes
Modelling
Viewing
Animation
Structures
Lighting, Shading, and Depth Cueing
Hidden Line and Hidden Surface Removal
Renderers
Lookup Tables
Namesets, Filters, and Searching
Picking
Echo and Highlighting Filter
Implications of The Exclusive Or Drawing Mode
Error Handling
A Final Word About Writing Efficient Programs...
Fast Macros
7 HP PEX 5.1v3 — Selected 5.2 PEXlib Functionality
Overview of HP PEX5.1v3
Background Information
Global Description of the HP-PEX 5.1v3 Release
Programming Interfaces for Generating Output Commands
PEXlib Explicit Interface
PEXlib Output Command Context (OCC) Interface
Facet/Vertex Data Formats
Errors and Output Command Errors
Run-Time Errors
Simplified OCC functions for Primitive OCs
Examples
Structure Permissions
Introduction
Background Information
Using Permission Features
Changes to Existing Functionality
Z-Buffer Block Operations
Introduction
Background Information.
PEXEscapeWithReply: PEXHPEscapeOpcodeGetZBuffer
PEXEscape: PEXHPEscapeOpcodePutZBuffer
PEXEscapeWithReply : PEXEscapeOpcodeEVEInformation
Plane Mask and Drawing Function
8 HP PEX 5.1v4 — More Selected 5.2 PEXlib Functionality and HP Extensions
Overview of HP PEX5.1v4
Background Information
Global Description of the HP-PEX 5.1v4 Release
New Functionality Descriptions
Wideline Control
Stereo Viewing
Triangle Primitives
Indexed Primitives
User-Defined Linetypes and Marker-Glyphs
Highlight Color
Face Lighting Control
Polygon Offset
9 Overview of CGE PEX Texture Mapping
Introduction
Step 1: Setup
PEXGetEnumTypeInfo: Parameters
PEXGetImpDepConstants: Parameters
Step 2: Texture Preparation
PEXExtCreateFilteredTM: Parameters
PEXExtCreateFilteredTMFromWindow: Parameters
PEXExtCreateTM: Parameters
PEXExtFreeFilteredTM: Parameters
PEXExtCreateTMDescription: Parameters
Step 3: Geometry Preparation
PEXExtTMCoordFillAreaSetWithData: Parameters
PEXExtTMCoordSetOfFillAreaSets: Parameters
PEXExtTMCoordTriangleStrip: Parameters
PEXExtTMCoordQuadrilateralMesh: Parameters
Step 4: Set Up the Look-Up Tables (LUTs)
Binding LUT
Coordinate-Source LUT
Composition LUT
Sampling LUT
Step 5: Render
PEXSetInteriorStyle: Parameters
PEXExtSetTMPerspectiveCorrection: Parameters
PEXExtSetTMSampleFrequency: Parameters
PEXExtSetTMResourceHints: Parameters
PEXExtSetActiveTextures: Parameters
PEXExtChangePipelineContext: Parameters
PEXExtFillAreaSetWithData: Parameters
PEXExtSetOfFillAreaSets: Parameters
PEXExtTriangleStrip: Parameters
PEXExtTMCoordQuadrilateralMesh: Parameters
Step 6: Cleanup
PEXExtFreeTM: Parameters
PEXExtFreeTMDescription: Parameters
10 Texture Mapping Tutorial
Introduction
Creating and Editing Textures
Sources of Textures
Predefined Textures
User Interface Considerations
Using PEXlib for Texture Mapping
Step 1: Setup
Step 2: Texture Preparation
Step 3: Geometry Preparation
Step 4: Set up Texture Mapping Lookup Tables (LUTs)
Step 5: Render
Step 6: Clean Up
References
Detailed Discussions
Discussion: MIP Map
Troubleshooting
A Sample Output from xdpyinfo and pexdpyinfo
Introduction
xdpyinfo
pexdpyinfo
Glossary
Index

List of Figures

1-1 HP PEX Online Information System's Front Page
1-2 Title not available (How to Access the HP PEX On-Line Information System)
1-3 The Tutorial Lets You Practice and Experiment
1-4 On-Line Reference Pages Feature Hyperlink Navigation
1-5 Easily Experiment with Programs
2-1 The Print Menu Display
6-1 ET Line Types
7-1 Stride model, with vertex data
7-2 Application Vertex Data
7-3 Unpacked Data Model
7-4 PEX Unpacked Vertex Data Structures
8-1 Triangle Primitive Examples
10-1 Texture Mapping to Display Data
10-2 Texture Mapping to Add Realism
10-3 Coordinate Systems of the Three Types of Projection Objects
10-4 "Unfolding" a Projection Object
10-5 Geometric Model with Various Projection Objects
10-6 Projection Methods Used to Calculate Texture Coordinates

List of Tables

1-1 Visual Types Supported by HP PEX/PEXlib
1-2 Visual Types Supported in the X Protocol Mode (VMX Driver)
2-1 Server Files
3-1 Definitions Used In Table 3-2
3-2 Progression of Protocol Selection
3-3 Environment Variable Summary
3-4 Data Values That Cause Problems
4-1 Demos, Utilities, and Program Examples
4-2 Header Files for Advanced Functionality
4-3 HP Utilities in Utilities Directory
4-4 Shared Libraries and X11 Directories
6-1 PEXInitialize Error Codes
6-2 PEXInitialize Error Codes
6-3 Enumerated Type Inquiry Parameters
6-4 Enumerated Types
6-5 Implementation Dependent Constants Inquiry Parameters
6-6 Implementation-Dependent Constants
6-7 Title not available (Search Context Requests )
6-8 Unsupported Subset Entrypoints
6-9 PEX Escape With Reply Parameters
6-10 Data Structure Parameters
6-11 Return Data
6-12 Encoding of HP-Supported Color Escape Extensions
6-13 Encoding of HP-Supported Alpha Transparency Extensions
6-14 Alpha Blending Reply Parameters
6-15 Encoding of HP-Supported Alpha Blending Extension
6-16 Title not available (Anti-aliasing )
6-17 PEXGSE Parameters
6-18 Valid antialias_mode Values
6-19 Encoding HP-Supported Antialiasing and Gamma Correction Extensions
6-20 Text and Fonts
6-21 HP PEX Font File Structure
6-22 〈fonts〉/usascii/stroke fonts
6-23 〈fonts〉/usascii/stroke fonts
6-24 〈fonts〉/hp_japanese/stroke fonts
6-25 Marker Type Additions
6-26 DBE Entry Points
6-27 Double-Buffering Escape and -Escape With Reply Parameters
6-28 Encoding HP Supported Double-Buffering Extensions
6-29 Inquiring Supported Escapes
6-30 Enumerated Types and Implementation-Dependent Constants
6-31 HLHSR Mode Transition Behaviors
6-32 Visible LUT Behavior
6-33 LUT Default Entries
7-1 Relationship Between OCC and Non-OCC Primitive Functions
7-2 Allowed Structure Editing Operations
9-1 Output Commands Texturable
10-1 MIP Map Usage
   


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© 1996 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.