Analyzing Your System

What snoop Does

snoop analyzes a Series 700 or Series 800 9.x system and reports conditions that may prevent you from successfully upgrading the system to 10.01. For example, you may need more disk space, or you may be trying to upgrade an HP-UX ("DUX") cluster server that still has Series 300 or 400 clients (see “Converting HP-UX ("DUX") Clusters”).




	NOTE: Even though your goal may be to upgrade to 10.10, you must upgrade to 10.01 first. And before you can upgrade to 10.01, you must do the preparation steps described in this chapter. This is true even for 9.07 systems, which must upgrade to 10.10 as soon as they have loaded the 10.01 operating system and applications (see “Preparing To Upgrade a 9.07 System”, earlier in this chapter).

snoop consists of two parts. The first part analyzes the system configuration, checks for any problems that might prevent you from upgrading this particular configuration to 10.01, and gives you the opportunity to make changes in the configuration files that will be moved into place when you upgrade to 10.01.

The second part runs the Software Distributor tool swinstall in preview mode — your 9.x system is not affected. This allows for disk space and other checks to make sure your system is ready to be upgraded. The sections that follow provide detail about some of the new things you will see during the swinstall preview.

See the snoop(update_aid) manpage for a detailed description of snoop; see “Running snoop ”, later in this chapter, for directions for running snoop.

What You Will See

You will be seeing a preview of the actual upgrade, including Software Distributor (SD) the new tool that replaces /etc/update on 10.x systems. This will all look unfamiliar, but it is easy to use, and running snoop will give you a chance to get used to SD's screens before you do the actual upgrade.

As well as getting used to SD itself, you also need to understand some new terms, in particular bundles, products, and Match What Target Has.

Briefly, a new, factory-installed HP-UX 10.01 system is built from software bundles, whereas existing 9.x systems are built from filesets. 9.x systems must be upgraded via a process called Match What Target Has. You can supplement this process if necessary by adding new 10.01 features packaged in products or bundles.

The following sections provide further explanation.

What Is Match-What-Target-Has?

When you run snoop, you'll see a message advising you to choose Match What Target Has (see “Running snoop ”, later in this chapter). "Target" is the system you are going to upgrade (as opposed to a "source" system that might store the software for a network upgrade).

This means that, when you do the actual upgrade, you should initially upgrade to a 10.01 system that is functionally equivalent to your 9.x system; that is, it will have the HP-UX 10.0 file system layout and the new versions of HP-UX commands and libraries, and it will have new features that replace 9.x features that are not supported on 10.x: for example, systems with SDS disks will have LVM; a cluster server will have NFS Diskless.




	CAUTION: Always choose `Match What Target Has` and DO NOT DESELECT software automatically selected for you by `Match What Target Has`.

Choosing Match What Target Has ensures that your 9.x system upgrades successfully to 10.01, but this system will not have all of the new features that became available as of 10.0 and 10.01, such as the Journaled File System (JFS), and it will not have 10.10 features.

You may or may not want these new features.

If you don't want any of the additional 10.x features, then all you need to do is choose Match What Target Has.
Do this both when you run snoop, as described later in this chapter under “Running snoop ”, and when you do the actual upgrade, as described in the next chapter.
In this case, you can skip the subsections that follow and proceed to “Running snoop ”.
If you want some of the additional 10.x features, or all of them, you need to do things a little differently when running snoop from when you do the actual upgrade.
“Adding Software after Match-What-Target-Has ”, later in this chapter, explains what to do. But first you need to understand the difference between products and bundles.

What Are Bundles and Products?

If you have installed previous releases of HP-UX, you will be accustomed to seeing and choosing the software to be loaded in terms of partitions and filesets. SD also uses filesets, but introduces two new categories, products and bundles.

Products are similar to 9.x partitions; they are groupings of filesets.

Bundles are also groupings of filesets, but they are often larger than products, including filesets from two or more products. Their purpose is to group together functions that logically belong together; in fact some bundles, such as the Runtime Bundles, comprise a complete, standard HP-UX system.

When you run snoop, and later upgrade, SD will tell you to choose Match What Target Has. You must choose this option to be sure of getting a 10.01 system that works correctly; see the previous section, “What Is Match-What-Target-Has?”

But you may also want to add some of the new features added to HP-UX at 10.0 and 10.01, such as JFS (or VxFS, the Journaled File System) or, on Series 700s, LVM (Logical Volume Manager).

To get these new features, or improvements such as expanded localization support (NLS), you still need to upgrade to 10.01 via Match What Target Has, but then after the upgrade completes you will go back and add new software by choosing either specific products or one or more bundles.




	NOTE: You should add this new software immediately after the upgrade to 10.01, even if you are upgrading to 10.01 only in order to get to 10.10; this allows 9.x-to-10.x configuration and conversion work to take place.

Bundles or Products? As the procedure later in this chapter explains, SD allows you to look at and choose software at the bundle or the product level. These are called "views" in SD (and, as in /etc/update, you can also go down to the fileset level).

Each of these "views" of the software has advantages and disadvantages:

The advantage of choosing products is that it sometimes gives you greater control: you are choosing software at a lower level of detail.
- The disadvantage is that you may not load everything you actually need.
  Or, conversely, you may load more than you need; for example, loading X11 via the bundles view will install about 55 Mb; via the product view it is close to 90 Mb.

The advantage of choosing a bundle (or bundles) is that these are designed to incorporate all the functionality you need.

For example, the English Runtime Bundle contains a complete HP-UX 10.01 English-language system, including new features such as LVM and JFS, and excluding filesets for foreign languages that English-speaking users are unlikely to need.




	NOTE: If you are upgrading a system that runs in, or uses, a European language other than English, make sure you have a copy of the Localized System Configuration Overview (HP part number B3782-90064). Read the chapter in your language(s) before you run `snoop`. If you are upgrading a system that runs in, or uses, an Asian language, make sure you read the section on "ASE Delivery Restructuring" under "Bundles" in chapter 4, "Other Operating System and Subsystem Changes", of the Release Notes for HP-UX 10.10. Read the localization Release Notes or other local documentation in your language(s). If you operate small Series 800 systems that do not use X-windows and related services, you should pay particular attention to the "non-graphics" bundles discussed under “Non-Graphics Bundles ” later in this chapter.

The disadvantage of bundles is that you may load more than you need.
- This is not a problem if you have plenty of disk space.
  You can always remove the filesets you don't need later. See “Removing Software You Do Not Need ”.
- It is a problem if you are short of disk space.
  Make sure that when you run snoop, you choose not only Match What Target Has, but also any additional bundles (or products, or both) you intend to load. snoop will tell you if you are choosing more than will fit on your system, and you will be able to examine the contents of the bundle to see if there parts of it you don't need. See “When To Use Products ”, later in this section, for more information.

When To Use Bundles

It is usually better to add a bundle or bundles, rather than products, to the 10.01 system built by Match What Target Has.

If you want all of the additional features, choose a Runtime Bundle; they include everything for a system running in a given human language.

From now on, this manual assumes that you will add new features to your 10.01 system by choosing bundles, rather than products; but this does not mean you must choose bundles. The bullets that follow indicate cases in which it may be better to work with products.

When To Use Products

If you tell snoop you are going to load a bundle or bundles in addition to the software chosen by Match What Target Has, and snoop warns you you are short of disk space, then you may want to "unmark" some products in the bundle (meaning that you intend not to load them when you do the actual upgrade).
Don't "unmark" the bundle, but go down to the "products" level (double-click on the bundle name) and "unmark" any products you are sure you don't want; then try the disk space analysis again.
If you are interested only in one particular feature that is packaged as a product (such as LVM), then add that product rather than a bundle.

Adding Software after Match-What-Target-Has

If you know you want new 10.01 features such as LVM on the Series 700, or JFS (the Journaled File System, also known as VxFs) you will need to add software to the software chosen for you by Match What Target Has. This section explains how and when to do this.

How To Add and Preview Software

When upgrading (running upgrade):
HP recommends that you proceed as follows:
1. Build your 10.01 system by running upgrade and choosing Match What Target Has.
2. After the upgrade completes, go back and load additional software if you need it.
3. Upgrade to 10.10 if you so decide.
If you are not sure whether or not you need a new product or feature that was not chosen by Match What Target Has, don't load it; you can always go back and add it later.
For more information, see “Running the Upgrade ” and “Loading New 10.01 Features and HP Applications ”.
When previewing (running snoop):
As a preparation for loading additional software onto the 10.01 system (after the initial upgrade), you need to run snoop now, on the 9.x system, and choose this same software in preview mode.
For example, if you intend to add Logical Volume Manager to a Series 700 system, run snoop and:
1. Choose Match What Target Has.
2. Select LVM and choose Mark for Install.
Do this even if you intend to upgrade the system all the way to 10.10, and will never actually use LVM until you get to 10.10.
This allows snoop to do an accurate disk space analysis and warn you if you will not have enough space or are likely to encounter any other problems.
snoop's analysis is only as good as the information you give it about what you intend to load, so it's important to take the time to decide exactly what you need.
- See Appendix A for a list of 10.01 bundles and products; you can find out more about the contents of these when you run snoop; see “Running snoop ”, later in this chapter.
- If you have not already done so, read "I/O Convergence" and "Other Operating System and Subsystem Changes" in the Release Notes for HP-UX 10.10.
See “Locating and Loading Tools and Documentation” for information on getting the Release Notes for HP-UX 10.10 and related documentation from the "Upgrade Tools" tape or CD.

Summary

When you run snoop:
- Choose Match What Target Has, and also choose (Mark for Install) all the new features you intend to add.
When you run upgrade:
- Choose only Match What Target Has, then let the upgrade complete.
After upgrading to 10.01, and before updating to 10.10:
- Load new 10.01 features and upgrade 9.x applications to 10.01.

Why Two Steps for Upgrade? The reason HP recommends loading additional software after, rather than during, the upgrade, is that all of the work of creating a functional 10.01 system is done automatically when you run upgrade and choose Match What Target Has.

If you interfere with this process by adding to and subtracting from (marking and unmarking) the software that is to be loaded, you run the risk of not getting a complete, integrated 10.01 system. At worst, you could fail to load software that is needed to build a working kernel.

Running snoop

To analyze your system and preview what will happen when you load 10.01 software, follow the procedure below.




	: `snoop` writes a logfile `/var/adm/sw/snoop.log`. You can look at this log online while `snoop` is running. Successive runs of `snoop` will add to `/var/adm/sw/snoop.log` if it exists. If this system is an HP-UX ("DUX") cluster, run `snoop` on the cluster server. You can be logged in to the server on the console or remotely from another system. Make sure all the clients you intend to upgrade are booted to the server.

Procedure

NOTE:

Make sure you are logged in to the server.
Check that all the clients are booted to the cluster:
cnodes -a
Clients listed with an asterisk are not booted to the cluster; snoop analysis will omit important information that can be obtained only from these clients.
snoop will copy and modify the /.rhosts file on the server (or create it if it doesn't exist) so that it can obtain information about each of the active clients via remsh(1). Before the snoop program exits, it will put your original /.rhosts back in place.

If you are using a graphical display (for example a workstation monitor or Xterminal), set your DISPLAY variable, for example:
DISPLAY=hpulpcu2:0.0; export DISPLAY
This will allow the SD (Software Distributor) software, which snoop invokes, to run in graphical mode (with windows).
Put the 10.01 tape or CD in the drive (unless the 10.01 software is on a network server).
snoop needs this to estimate disk space needs; but this is a preview only; snoop will not load any software.
- If you are using a CD, make sure the CDROM device is mounted,
  /etc/mount
  If there is no entry for the CDROM device, mount it; for example:
  /etc/mount /dev/dsk/2s0 /cdrom
  The CDROM filesystem must be mounted to the local system; an NFS mount will not work. You can use a CDROM drive attached to a remote system, but you must register the CDROM filesystem as a depot (see “Building an SD Depot ”, later in this chapter).
- If you are using DDS tape, the drive must be attached to the system which is to be upgraded.
  (If it is not, you'll get an error message referring to a "single marked target". This means "the local system". You may want to look into building a depot on disk; see “Building an SD Depot ”, later in this chapter.)
Run snoop:
/usr/sbin/snoop
This starts snoop in its default interactive mode.
Respond to the questions that snoop asks you:
NOTE: snoop will warn you that you must upgrade all the way to HP-UX 10.10, and ask you to confirm that you want to do this; respond yes unless you really don't want to upgrade this system.
- If you have run snoop before, it asks you if want to overwrite the configuration files created on the previous run.
  You probably don't want to do this unless you have changed your mind about some aspect of the configuration; you certainly don't want to do it if you have already modified these files according to snoop's directions (see below).
- snoop lists environment variables and system utilities and tells you how they will be set when 10.01 comes up on your system. (The settings correspond to the 9.x settings where applicable.)
  If you want to change any of these values, respond y when snoop asks you if you want to modify them.
  snoop will then take you through the list item by item.
  NOTE: These values are being saved for the 10.01 system; your 9.x configuration will not be changed in any way, whether or not you change the values in this list.
  If you're happy with the defaults, respond n.
  If in doubt, respond n; you can always make changes once the 10.01 system is up and running.
  The files snoop creates are saved in /etc/upgrade/save/hostname/ttools, where hostname is the official hostname of your system (as returned by uname -n). These files will be used to create 10.01 system configuration files when you do the upgrade to 10.01.
  NOTE: This is true for the server and each of the clients.
  If you have customized any of your 9.x system configuration files, you may have used pathnames or commands that will not work on 10.01; snoop will warn you about this and direct you to any files that need additional modifications. Follow the directions in the log file (/var/adm/sw/snoop.log).
- snoop asks you if you want to change the boot LIF configuration.
  "No" (n) is a safe answer to this question.
  If you want the 10.01 system to boot from a different disk from the current (9.x) system, answer y. This will not affect the way the 9.x system boots.
- snoop asks you if you want to add to the boot LIF configuration.
  Answer y if you have additional LIF volumes (i.e. more than one bootable device) that will need to be modified for 10.01.

snoop now checks for conditions that will pose problems for the upgrade.




	CAUTION: You will not be able to upgrade this system as it stands if `snoop` reports that: You have less than 16 Mb of memory. You will need to upgrade to 16Mb. This is true for a standalone system, a cluster server, and all cluster clients. You have Software Disk Striping (SDS) on the root disk (Series 700). HP has never supported this configuration. See “Handling snoop PROBLEMS”, later in this chapter, for more information. Cluster: You will not be able to upgrade an HP-UX ("DUX") cluster server that has Series 300 or 400 clients. You must remove these clients before you can upgrade; see “Providing for Series 300 and 400 Clients ”, and “Removing Series 300/400 Clients and Inactive Clients ”, later in this chapter. `snoop` will also warn you about potential disk space problems, and changes affecting where and how the clients will swap. See “Reclaiming Device Swap”.

snoop is now about to invoke SD (Software Distributor) in preview mode, and asks you if you can use the Graphical User Interface.
Respond y if you're using a graphical display. If you did not set the DISPLAY variable as recommended in step 2 of this procedure, snoop will prompt you.
NOTE: This is not the actual upgrade; your 9.x configuration will not be changed.

The Specify Source window comes up.

Table 4-4 Troubleshooting

Problem	What to do
(errors indicating X connection was refused)	If you are running `snoop` from a window on a remote machine, make sure that you have permission to connect to the system being upgraded: try entering `/usr/bin/X11/xhost +` or `/usr/bin/X11/xhost + hostname`, where `hostname` is the official hostname of the machine being upgraded.
`FATAL ERROR: X Toolkit Error: Cannot perform malloc`	Your system is short of memory or swap. Try closing windows, running `snoop` from a remote system, or both.

SD first looks for the 10.01 software under /var/spool/sw on your system's root disk; this is the default location for an SD software "depot". ("Depot" is SD's name for the software source from which you are going to upgrade; see “Building an SD Depot ”, later in this chapter, for information on building a software depot.)

There will not be any such directory unless you have built a "depot"; so SD defaults to /dev/rmt/0m instead. You can accept this default unless:

You have loaded the tape into a drive addressed by a device file other than /dev/rmt/0m.
Or
You are upgrading from a network server.
Enter the official hostname and the software source "depot", for example:
Source: upgserver Source depot path: /release/s700_10.01
You can also select from available servers and "depots" by clicking on Source and Source depot path respectively.
CAUTION: Cluster: For an HP-UX ("DUX") cluster, the depot must contain only the HP-UX core software, not HP Application Release ("AR") software.
Or
You are upgrading from CDROM.
Enter the name of the filesystem to which the CDROM drive is mounted (the mount point) for example,
/cdrom

The Software Selection window comes up.

Pull down the Actions menu and choose Match What Target Has.

This tells snoop that you intend, when you do the actual upgrade, to load a system that has functionality at least equivalent to your current, 9.x system.

HP recommends this option for all 9.x-to-10.01 upgrades. See “What Is Match-What-Target-Has?” earlier in this chapter.

You may also want some or all of the new features being offered in HP-UX 10.0 and 10.01; see “What Are Bundles and Products? ” and “Adding Software after Match-What-Target-Has ”, earlier in this chapter, for more information.

To tell snoop you will be adding software to the basic software chosen by Match What Target Has, do the following:

Choose Match What Target Has.
Pull down the View menu and and choose Change Software View.
Choose All Bundles.
See the Note that follows for an explanation of the available "software views".
Select the "bundle" you need from the list now showing on your screen.
For example, for a minimum Series 700 system you might choose the "Desktop" bundle; for a larger 700, choose the "Runtime" bundle for the human language your system will use (for example, in an English-speaking country you would probably choose the English Runtime bundle).
For a small Series 800 system, you may want to choose a "non-graphics" bundle; see “Removing Unneeded Filesets ” under “Handling snoop PROBLEMS”, later in this chapter, for a discussion of this option.
Pull down the Actions menu again and choose Mark for Install.




	CAUTION: When running `snoop`, you can safely add software to what SD automatically selects when you choose `Match What Target Has`; but do not do this when you run the actual upgrade. See “Adding Software after Match-What-Target-Has ”, earlier in this chapter, for discussion; for specific directions for running the upgrade and adding software, see “Running the Upgrade ” and “Loading New 10.01 Features and HP Applications ” respectively.




	NOTE: The `Software Selection` screen allows you to look at the software selections in several different ways: `Products` `All bundles` `Bundles of one category` Pull down the `View` menu to see these choices. `Products` will look familiar if you are used to upgrading earlier releases of HP-UX: it is the closest to the `partitions` in which filesets were grouped in earlier releases. `Bundles` are also groupings of filesets, but they may include filesets from more than one product. You can find out more about a given selection by double-clicking on it; for example, double-clicking on a product will show you the filesets it contains; double-clicking on a fileset shows the files in it. Click on `Description` in the `Software Description Dialog` box to find out more about the item in question. See “What Are Bundles and Products? ”, earlier in this chapter, for more information.

The Software Selection window re-appears.

Pull down the Actions menu again, and this time choose Install (analysis).

This brings up the Install Analysis window, which gives you the option of reading the analysis logfile as it's being written: click on Logfile to see the logfile. (This file is saved as /var/adm/sw/swagent.log.)

Table 4-5 Troubleshooting

Problem	What to do
`Cannot fork to run filename`	Your system is short of memory or swap. Try closing windows, running `snoop` from a remote system, or both.
(`snoop` reports products or filesets not found.)	If the 10.01 software is in an SD "depot", check that you have built the depot correctly and loaded everything you need from the tapes or CDs supplied by HP. See “Building an SD Depot ”.

When the analysis is complete, you'll see a message such as Ready or Ready with warnings.
- If there are warnings, check the logfile for details (click on Logfile).
- Click on Disk Space to see if you have sufficient free disk space to load 10.01.
- To get out of the program, click on OK.