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HP-UX Systems: HP aC++/HP C Programmer's Guide
Version A.06.00/A.05.60

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HP Part Number: B3901-90019

Edition: Edition 4

Published: December 2004

Table of Contents

About This Document

Intended Audience

What’s in This Document

Typographical Conventions
HP-UX Release Name and Release Identifier

Publishing History

Related Documents

HP Encourages Your Comments

1 Getting Started

Components of the Compilation System

Using the aCC Command
Compiling a Simple Program
Executing the Program
Debugging Programs

Compiler Command Syntax

Examples of the aCC Command

Files on the aCC Command Line

C++ Source File (.C file)
Preprocessed Source Files (.i Files)
Assembly Language Source Files (.s Files)
Object Files (.o Files)
Library Files

Environment Variables

CXXOPTS Environment Variable
CCOPTS Environment Variable
CCLIBDIR Environment Variable
CCROOTDIR Environment Variable
TMPDIR Environment Variable

Floating Installation

HP aC++
HP C
Setting up Floating Installation

2 Command-Line Options

Options to Control Code Generation

-c
+DOosname
+DData_model
+DSmodel
-S

Data Alignment and Storage

Debugging Options

+d
-g
-g0
-g1
Differences Between -g, -g0, and -g1 Options
When to use -g, -g0, and -g1
-g, -g1 Algorithm
+[no]objdebug

Error Handling

+p
-w
+w
+wn
+Wargs
+We
+Weargs
+Wwargs

Exception Handling

+noeh

Extensions to the Language

-ext
+e

Floating-Point Processing

+O[no]cxlimitedrange
+O[no]fenvaccess
-fpeval
-[no]fpwidetypes
+FP
+O[no]libmerrno
+Oprefetch_latency
+O[no]preserved_fpregs
+O[no]rotating_fpregs
+O[no]sumreduction

Header File Options

-I directory
-I-

Online Help Option

+help

Inlining Options

+inline_level num

-b
-dynamic
-exec
-lname
-L directory
-minshared
+nostl

Linker Options

-e epsym
-n
-N
-q
-Q
-r
-s
-usymbol
+ild
+ildrelink

Options for Naming the Output File

-o
-.suffix

Native Language Support Option

-Y

Handling Null Pointers Options

-z
-Z

Code Optimizing Options

Basic Optimization Level Options
Additional Optimization Options for Finer Control
Advanced +Ooptimization Options
Profile-Based Optimization Options
Displaying Optimization Information

Parallel Processing Options

-mt

Performance Options

-fast
+Ofast
+Ofaster
+[no]srcpos
+DSmodel

Porting Options

-fast
+sb
+ub
+uc

Preprocessor Options

-C
-Dname
-E
+m[d] and +make[d]
+M[d] and +Make[d]
-P
-Uname

Profiling Code Options

-G
-p
+profilebucketsize

Standards Related Options

-Aa
-AA
-Aarm
-AC89
-AC99
-Ae
-Ag++
-Agcc
-AOa and -AOe
-AP
+legacy_cpp
+legacy_v5
+tru64
-Wc,-ansi_for_scope,[on|off]
-Wc,-koenig_loopup,[on|off]

Subprocesses of the Compiler

-tx,name
-Wx,args

Symbol Binding Options

-Bdefault
-Bextern
-Bhidden
-Bprotected
-Bprotected_data
-Bprotected_def
-Bsymbolic

Template Options

+inst_compiletime
+inst_directed
+inst_implicit_include
+inst_include_suffixes

Verbose Compile and Link Information

+dryrun
+O[no]clone
+O[no]info
+time
-v
-V

Concatenating Options

3 Pragma Directives

Initialization and Termination Pragmas

INIT
FINI

Copyright Notice and Identification Pragmas

COPYRIGHT
COPYRIGHT_DATE
LOCALITY
LOCALITY_ALL
VERSIONID

Data Alignment Pragmas

ALIGN
PACK
UNALIGN

Optimization Pragmas

OPTIMIZE
OPT_LEVEL Pragma
FLOAT_TRAPS_ON Pragma
[NO]INLINE Pragma
NO_INLINE Pragma
NO_RETURN Pragma

Other Pragmas

DEFAULT_BINDING Pragma
ESTIMATED_FREQUENCY Pragma
EXTERN Pragma
FREQUENTLY_CALLED Pragma
HIDDEN Pragma
HP_DEFINED_EXTERNAL Pragma
HP_DEFINED_INTERNAL Pragma
IF_CONVERT Pragma
PROTECTED Pragma
RARELY_CALLED Pragma
STDC CX_LIMITED_RANGE Pragma
STDC FP_CONTRACT Pragma
STDC FENV_ACCESS Pragma
UNROLL_FACTOR Pragma
OMP ATOMIC Pragma
OMP BARRIER Pragma
OMP CRITICAL Pragma
OMP FOR Pragma
OMP FLUSH Pragma
OMP MASTER Pragma
OMP ORDERED Pragma
OMP PARALLEL Pragma
OMP PARALLEL FOR Pragma
OMP PARALLEL SECTIONS Pragma
OMP SECTIONS Pragma
OMP SINGLE Pragma
OMP THREADPRIVATE Pragma

OpenMP Clauses

private
firstprivate
lastprivate
copyprivate
if
default
shared
copyin
reduction
nowait
ordered
schedule
num_threads

4 Preprocessing Directives

Overview of the Preprocessor

Syntax
Usage Guidelines
Source File Inclusion (#include)
Macro Replacement (#define, #undef)
Assertions (#assert, #unassert)
Conditional Compilation (#if, #ifdef, .. #endif)
Line Control (#line)
Pragma Directive (#pragma)
Error Directive (#error)
Warning Directive
Trigraph Sequences
Examples

5 Using HP aC++ Templates

Invoking Compile-Time Instantiation

Scope and Precedence
Template Processing
Explicit Instantiation
Command-Line Option Instantiation
Compile-Time Instantiation
Migrating from Automatic Instantiation to Compile-time Instantiation
C++ Template Tutorial

6 Standardizing Your Code

HP aC++ Keywords

bool Keyword
dynamic_cast Keyword
explicit Keyword
mutable Keyword
namespace and using Keywords
typeid Keyword
volatile Keyword
wchar_t Keyword
template Keyword
typename Keyword

Overloading new[] and delete[] for Arrays

Example

Standard Exception Classes

Example

Exceptions Thrown by the Standard C++ Library

type_info Class

Unsupported Functionality

7 Optimizing HP aC++ Programs

Requesting Optimization

Setting Basic Optimization Levels
Additional Options for Finer Control
Profile-Based Optimization

Pragmas That Control Optimization

8 Exception Handling

Exception Handling

Exception Handling in C++
Exception Handling as Defined by the ANSI/ISO C++ International Standard
Basic Exception Handling Example
Function Try Block Examples
Debugging Exception Handling
Performance Considerations

Using Threads

Rogue Wave Standard C++ Library 2.2.1
Rogue Wave Standard C++ Library 1.2.1 and Tools.h++ 7.0.6
Using Locks
Required Command-line Options
Limitations
Exception Handling

Pthreads (POSIX Threads)

Limitations

Parallel Programming Using OpenMP

OpenMP Implementation
Environment Variables in OpenMP
Runtime Library Functions in OpenMP
Execution Environment Functions
Lock Functions
Timing Functions

9 Tools and Libraries

HP Specific Features of lex and yacc

Creating and Using Libraries

HP aC++ Libraries
Creating and Using Shared Libraries
Advanced Shared Library Features
Standard HP-UX Libraries and Header Files

HP aC++ File Locations

HP aC++ Executable Files
HP aC++ Runtime Libraries and Header Files

10 Mixing C++ with Other Languages

Calling Other Languages

Data Compatibility between C and C++

HP aC++ Calling HP C
HP C Calling HP aC++
Calling HP FORTRAN 90 from HP aC++

11 Distributing Your C++ Products

Applications that use HP aC++ Shared Libraries
Linking Your HP aC++ Libraries with Other Languages
Installing your Application
HP aC++ Files You May Distribute
Terms for Distribution of HP aC++ Files

12 Migrating from HP C++ (cfront) to HP aC++

General Guidelines for Migration

Getting Started with Migration
Writing Code for both Compilers
Explicit Loading and Unloading of Shared Libraries
Memory Allocation

Command-Line Differences

New Command-Line Options
Obsolete Command-Line Options
Changed Command-Line Options

Migration Considerations when Debugging

Migration Considerations when Using Exception Handling

Exception Handling is the Default
Memory Allocation Failure and operator new
Possible Differences when Exiting a Signal Handler
Differences in setjmp/longjmp Behavior
Calling unexpected
Unreachable catch Clauses
Throwing an Object having an Ambiguous Base Class

Migration Considerations when Using Libraries

Standards Based Libraries
HP C++ (cfront) Compatibility Libraries

Migration Considerations Related to Preprocessing

Obsolete Preprocessor Options

Migration Considerations Related to Standardization

Changes in C++ Semantics
Changes in C++ Syntax

Migration Considerations when Using Templates

Verbose Template Processing Information
Common Template Migration Syntax Changes
The cfront Implicit Include Convention
Converting Directed Mode to Explicit Instantiation

A Diagnostic Messages

aCC Message Catalog

Command Errors
Command Warnings
Fatal Errors
Future Errors
Anachronisms
Warnings
Suggestion/Information
Tool Errors

Frequently Encountered Messages

List of Tables

1 HP-UX 11i Releases
2 Title not available (Publishing History)
2-1 ILP32 Data Model and LP64 Data Model
2-2 Size and Alignment of HP Compiler Data Types
2-3 Options for +FP[flags]
2-4 Option Matrix for -mt
2-5 Examples
2-6 Examples
2-7 Identifiers
2-8 Identifiers
6-1 HP aC++ Keywords
6-2 Unsupported Functionality
12-1 New Command-Line Options
12-2 Obsolete Command-Line Options
12-3 Changed Command-Line Options

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