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Fortran 90, Fortran 77, C, aC++: Exemplar Programming Guide > How to use this guide

Notational conventions

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This section discusses notational conventions used in this book.

General conventions

In general, the following conventions are used in this guide:

  • Fortran

    The term "Fortran" refers to both Fortran 90 and Fortran 77. When functionality differs between the two compilers, the terms "Fortran 77" and "Fortran 90" will be used.

  • Italic

    • Designates user-supplied variables in a command line or code example

    • Introduces new and important terms

    • Identifies variables in mathematical equations

    • Indicates document titles

  • Constant-width font designates input and output, including

    • Command names and options

    • System calls

    • Data structures and types

    • Variables and arrays

    • Function and subroutine names

    • Directives, program statements, display examples, printout examples, and error messages returned

    Except where noted, the directives and pragmas described in this book can be used with the Fortran 90, Fortran 77 and C compilers. (The aC++ compiler does not support the pragmas, but does support the memory classes.) In general discussion, these directives and pragmas are presented in lowercase type, but each compiler will recognize them regardless of their case.

  • Bold constant-width font designates text that must be input by the user.

  • Horizontal ellipsis (...) shows repetition of the preceding item(s).

  • Vertical ellipsis shows that lines of code have been left out of an example.

References to man pages appear in the form mnpgname(1), where "mnpgname" is the name of the man page and is followed by its section number enclosed in parentheses. To view this man page, type:

% man 1 mnpgname

NOTE: A Note highlights important supplemental information.

Command syntax

Consider this example:

COMMAND input_file [...] {a | b} [output_file]

  • COMMAND must be typed as it appears.

  • input_file indicates a file name that must be supplied by the user.

  • The horizontal ellipsis in brackets indicates that additional, optional input file names may be supplied.

  • Either a or b must be supplied.

  • [output_file] indicates an optional file name.

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