Glossary

See user account.

The individual responsible for managing the local area network. Typically this person configures the network, maintains the network's shared resources and security system, creates user accounts, assigns permissions, and helps users.

A message sent by a server to a LAN Manager Enhanced workstation informing the user of conditions that require attention.

Notifies selected users and computers of administrative alerts that occur on a computer. Requires the Messenger service.

A name used to receive messages at a LAN Manager Enhanced workstation. A workstation can have up to 15 aliases, including the computername and username. An alias must be unique on the local area network.

A program used for a particular kind of work, such as word processing or database management.

A standard text file.

See LAN Manager Basic.

See batch program.

A text file containing commands that are performed when the batch program runs. MS-DOS batch programs always have the filename extension .BAT. A batch program called AUTOEXEC.BAT runs when you start MS-DOS.

This is a unit for measuring the speed at which a modem communicates. Baud rate is often used to refer to bits per second, but that is not completely accurate. Baud rate refers to the number of times the condition of the line changes; it is equal to bits per second only if each signal corresponds to one bit of data being transmitted.

For two modems to communicate, they must use the same baud rate. If the baud rate of one modem is initially set higher than that of the other, the faster modem normally alters its baud rate to match that of the slower modem.

A segment of the directory tree, representing a directory and any subdirectories it contains.

A message sent to all users in a domain or on the local area network. See also Messenger service.

A portion of computer memory that is reserved to store data temporarily.

The number that a Remote Access server uses to call back a user. This number can be preset by the administrator or specified by the user at the time of each call, depending on how the administrator configured the user's callback status. The callback number should be the number of the phone line to which the user's modem is connected.

A form of network security in which a Remote Access server calls a user back at a preset number after the user has made an initial connection and has been authenticated.

A small box in a dialog box that can be selected or cleared, representing an option that you can turn on or off. When a check box is selected, an X appears in the box.

To pick an item that begins an action. You often choose a command on a menu to perform a task, and you choose an icon to start an application.

To position the mouse pointer on a screen element and then press and release the left mouse button. See also double-click.

A computer that accesses shared network resources provided by another computer. See also client-server applications, server.

Applications that use the capabilities of both your workstation (the client) and the server to perform a task. The client portion of the application is typically optimized for user interaction, whereas the server portion provides the centralized multiuser functionality.

An instruction that provides the necessary information for a computer or a program to perform a specific task. You type LAN Manager Basic commands at the MS-DOS prompt. You type LAN Manager Enhanced commands at the MS-DOS prompt or choose them from a menu on the LAN Manager Screen.

A command name enclosed in angle brackets at the bottom of the LAN Manager Screen or dialog box (for example, the Zoom button). Choosing a command button carries out a task or leads to another dialog box.

The MS-DOS prompt. See also command, prompt.

See option.

A port on computer equipment that enables asynchronous transmission of one byte at a time. Also called a serial port.

Operating parameters, such as baud rate and modem type, that apply to serial ports on the computer.

A technique used to reduce the number of characters transmitted, without losing data content. The transmitting modem or computer compresses the data, and the receiving computer or modem decompresses the data back to its original state.

See resource.

A unique name that identifies a computer to the network. The name cannot be the same as any other computername or domain name in the network and cannot contain spaces. In a network path, a server's computername is preceded by two backslashes (for example, \\SALES or \\MARKET.SERVE). If you are using LAN Manager Basic, the computername identifies your workstation to servers.

The way the workstation, server, or local area network is set up to function; pertains to both hardware and software.

To assign a local devicename to a shared resource so you can use it with LAN Manager commands. See also devicename, shared resource.

A user accessing a computer or a resource across the network.

The software link between a workstation and a shared resource. You make connections by assigning a local devicename on a workstation to a shared resource on a server. See also devicename, session, shared resource.

To restart a LAN Manager service that was paused. See also pause.

See domain controller.

A code in a user's account to specify the language in which the server sends messages.

The server or workstation that is the focus of activity when using the LAN Manager Screen.

The shape on the computer screen that shows you where the next character you type will appear.

The loading of protocols into the computer's memory on an as-needed basis.

A feature of LAN Manager Enhanced that lets you load and unload protocols used to access different types of networks.

The directory to which you intend to copy or move one or more files.

A piece of hardware that is attached to a computer to perform a specific function. There are two types of devices—disks and printers. See also device driver, disk device, printer device.

Software that enables a computer to recognize and use a specific piece of hardware (device).

The name of a device on a computer or the name of a device assigned to connect to a shared resource. The devicename is the name by which LAN Manager and the computer identify disk devices and printer devices. Two types of devicenames are used for local area network connections: disk devicenames (for example, E), and printer devicenames (for example, LPT1). See also disk device, printer device.

A box that appears on the LAN Manager Screen when a menu command is chosen. Dialog boxes typically present a number of options from which you can choose. Sometimes selecting an option from one dialog box causes another dialog box to appear.

Part of a structure for organizing your files on a disk. A directory can contain files and other directories (called subdirectories). See also directory tree.

A graphical display of a disk's directory structure. The directories on the disk are shown as a branching structure. The top-level directory is the root directory.

A device that stores information. Disk devices are identified by their devicenames. See also devicename.

See directory.

See devicename, disk device.

See client- server applications.

In LAN Manager or Windows NT Advanced Server, a group of devices, servers, and workstations grouped together to simplify network administration and security. Each domain has a unique name. Being logged on in one domain does not limit access to resources in other domains to which you have access. See also logon domain, other domains, primary domain controller, workstation domain.

For a Windows NT Advanced Server domain, the server that maintains the security policy and the master database for a domain and authenticates domain logons. For a LAN Manager domain, the server that verifies a user is allowed to log on in a domain and maintains a master record of user accounts. See also primary domain controller, server, user account.

The name by which a domain is known to the network.

To position the mouse pointer on a screen element, and then quickly press and release a mouse button twice without moving the mouse. Double-clicking carries out an action, such as starting an application.

See LAN Manager Enhanced.

A technique for detecting when data is lost during transmission. This enables the software to recover lost data by asking the transmitting computer to retransmit the data.

A file that stores error messages received by a LAN Manager Enhanced workstation.

A message that appears on your computer screen when Windows NT, LAN Manager, or MS-DOS detects a problem while trying to process an operation or a command.

The period (.) and one to three characters at the end of a filename. An extension usually indicates the type of file or directory.

One of the five areas within a dialog box. See also check box, command button, dialog box, list box, option button, text box.

Special properties of a file. The options are read-only and archive. Assigned to files and directories using the MS-DOS attrib command.

In an operating system, the overall structure in which files are named, stored, and organized.

A unique name for a file. MS-DOS filenames can be from one to eight characters in length and can be followed by a filename extension consisting of a period (.) and one to three characters. See also filename extension.

A period (.) and one to three characters that can be appended to a filename. See also filename.

See message forwarding.

A set of users who share common permissions for one or more shared resources. See also user account.

The name assigned by an administrator to a group of users.

See HPFS.

A directory on a server that is accessible to the user and contains files and programs for that user. A home directory can be assigned to an individual user or can be shared by many users.

High-performance file system (HPFS); primarily used with the OS/2 operating system version 1.2 or later. It supports long filenames but does not provide security.

See HPFS.

A file used to establish your own configuration for a program. For example, the LANMAN.INI file is used by the LAN Manager software to determine default settings for network services. See also LANMAN.INI.

See local area network (LAN).

A software program that expands the features of MS-DOS to enable computers to join a local area network. See also local area network (LAN).

A version of LAN Manager that enables an MS-DOS computer to connect to local area network directories and printers, and to print jobs over the network. With LAN Manager Basic, network tasks can be done from the command line only.

A version of LAN Manager that enables an MS-DOS computer to connect to local area network directories and printers, print jobs over the network, send and receive network messages, and automatically connect to network resources. With LAN Manager Enhanced, network tasks can be done from the command line and from the LAN Manager Screen.

A menu- oriented, full-screen interface for LAN Manager Enhanced. With the LAN Manager Screen, you can use LAN Manager Enhanced without having to memorize command syntax.

The initialization file that determines default settings for LAN Manager servers and workstations on the local area network.

In a dialog box, a type of box that lists available choices — for example, a list of all files in a directory. If all the choices do not fit in the list box, there is a scroll bar.

Refers to a resource attached to a user's computer. See also remote.

A group of personal computers and other hardware, attached by cable, so that users can share information and equipment.

The devicename at your workstation that is assigned to a shared queue. See also devicename.

A printer that is directly connected to one of the ports on your computer.

See local.

A file containing a historical list of information. See also error log, message log.

The process of disconnecting a LAN Manager Enhanced workstation from its server to cancel connections to shared resources. The logoff process does not stop LAN Manager Enhanced services.

With LAN Manager Enhanced, the process of connecting a workstation to a server and its shared resources. In the logon process, you supply your username and password, which identify you as a workstation and as a member of a domain. See also domain, password, username.

A LAN Manager or Windows NT Advanced Server domain (other than the workstation domain) that can be specified when you log on with LAN Manager Enhanced. See also domain, other domains, workstation domain.

For Windows NT Advanced Server and LAN Manager networks, a definition of the days and hours during which a user account can connect to a server. When a user is connected to a server and the logon hours are exceeded, the user will either be disconnected from all server connections or will be allowed to remain connected but denied any new connections.

The password specified when you log on at a LAN Manager Enhanced workstation. See also log on, password.

Typically a batch file, a logon script runs automatically every time the user logs on. It can be used to configure a user's working environment at every logon, and it allows an administrator to affect a user's environment without managing all aspects of it. A logon script can be assigned to one or more user accounts.

The server that verifies your username and password when you log on to the network.

A set of related commands accessible from the LAN Manager Screen.

The horizontal bar at the top of the LAN Manager Screen that contains menus from which you choose commands.

A command you can choose from a menu on the LAN Manager Screen. See also LAN Manager Screen, menu, menu bar.

See alias.

A box that displays messages received at a LAN Manager Enhanced workstation when the Messenger service and the Netpopup or the Minipop service are running. See also Messenger service, Netpopup service.

A buffer used to hold incoming messages. The size of this buffer determines the size of messages that the workstation can receive. See also buffer.

To use aliases to reroute messages from one LAN Manager Enhanced workstation to another. See also alias.

Text displayed at the bottom of the LAN Manager Screen that provides information about the current menu, command, dialog box, or task. See also LAN Manager Screen.

A LAN Manager Enhanced file used to store a workstation's messages as they are received.

To save a LAN Manager Enhanced workstation's messages in a file. See also error log, message log.

A LAN Manager Enhanced service that enables a workstation to receive messages from other network users and from the Alerter service. This service can also store messages in a log file. See also Netpopup service.

An operating system that permits you to run several programs at once, and to move easily from one program to another.

A device that allows computer information to be transmitted and received over a telephone line. The transmitting modem translates digital computer data into analog signals that can be carried on a phone line. The receiving modem translates the analog signals back into digital form.

Microsoft Disk Operating System. This is the operating system on which LAN Manager Basic and Enhanced run.

See prompt.

A connection used to transfer data between separate processes, usually on separate computers. Named pipes are the foundation of interprocess communication (IPC).

The service that implements logon security. This service is called Net Logon on Windows NT Advanced Servers and Netlogon on LAN Manager servers. When a server in a domain runs this service, the username and password supplied by each user who attempts to log on in the domain are checked.

A LAN Manager Enhanced service that displays messages on your computer screen as they arrive from other local area network users or from LAN Manager. The Netpopup service requires that the Messenger service be running. Users of the Windows operating system may use Minipop instead of Netpopup. See also Messenger service.

A LAN Manager feature that lets a computer run both LAN Manager and Novell NetWare so that one computer can act as a workstation on a Windows NT or LAN Manager network and a NetWare network at the same time.

Software that coordinates communication between the network adapter and the computer's hardware and other software, controlling the physical function of the network adapters.

See shared directory.

The computername of a server followed by the sharename of a shared resource. A server's computername is preceded by two backslashes (\\), and a sharename is preceded by one backslash (for example, \\SALES\REPORTS). You connect your workstation to a shared resource by specifying its network path. See also computername, resource, sharename.

A resource that is available to local area network users. See also resource, shared resource.

A system used to protect network resources from unauthorized access.

See Windows NT.

See NTFS.

An advanced file system designed for use specifically within the Windows NT operating system. It supports file system recovery, extremely large storage media, and various features for the POSIX subsystem. It also supports object-oriented applications by treating all files as objects with user- defined and system-defined attributes.

Special cabling that eliminates the need for modems for asynchronous communications between two computers over short distances.

Part of a command that can modify how the command or service works but which is not required.

A button in a LAN Manager Screen dialog box used to select one option from a group of options.

Domains other than the logon and workstation domains of which your LAN Manager Enhanced workstation is a member, and which you have specified as domains you want to be able to view. See also domain, logon domain, workstation domain.

A security measure used to restrict logons to user accounts and access to computer systems and resources. A password is a unique string of characters that must be provided before a logon or an access is authorized. The password, together with the username, establishes the user's identity on the local area network. See also logon password.

Specifies the location of a file within the directory tree. For example, to specify the path of a file named README.WRI located in the WINDOWS directory on drive C, you would type c:\windows\readme.wri.

The name of one or more directories followed by a filename. For example, the pathname of the MONTHLY.RPT file in the REPORTS\ACCT\NORTH directory is REPORTS\ACCT\NORTH\MONTHL Y.RPT.

To suspend a LAN Manager service. See also continue.

A setting on a shared resource that defines the type(s) of action a user can take with a shared resource.

A file that associates names with telephone numbers, COM ports, and baud rates.

A record in the Phone Book that associates a name with a telephone number, COM port, and baud rate.

A small graphic symbol that indicates a user's location on the screen. The mouse pointer on the LAN Manager Screen is a small lighted rectangle.

A group of similar devices that receives requests from the same queue.

A connection or socket used to connect a device, such as a printer, monitor, or modem, to your computer. Information is sent from your computer to the device through a cable.

A form of security in which a Remote Access server verifies users by calling them back at numbers supplied by the network administrator at the time user permissions are granted. A preset callback number can only be changed by the network administrator. This ensures that no one can borrow a user's password and connect to the server from a location other than the user's normal one.

The LAN Manager server at which the master copy of a domain's user accounts database is maintained. The primary domain controller also validates logon requests. See also Net Logon service.

A file sent to a printer queue to be printed.

Any device that prints information. Printer devices are identified by their devicenames. See also devicename.

A program that controls how your computer and printer interact.

A "waiting line" that manages and routes print jobs.

The level assigned for each user that defines the range of action a user can have on the local area network.

A file that starts an application or program. A program file has an .EXE, .PIF, .COM, or .BAT filename extension.

The symbol that tells you an operating system or program is ready to receive a command. You type commands at the prompt.

Refers to a server, workstation, or resource that is not located where you are currently working. See also local.

Any Windows NT computer or LAN Manager server that is configured to run the Remote Access service.

A service allowing users to connect to Windows NT or LAN Manager networks from long or short distances, using modems and telephone lines instead of network cable connections.

See remote.

The local area network to which you are connected by means of a phone line.

The network path used to connect a devicename to a shared resource. See also devicename and network path.

A request for access to a program that is not resident on the computer where you are currently working.

See remote.

Any part of a computer system or local area network, such as a disk drive, directory, printer or memory that can be allotted to a program or process while it is running. See also shared resource.

See directory tree.

To start a program or command.

To move through text or graphics (up, down, left, or right) in order to See parts of a file or dialog box that cannot fit on the screen.

A bar that appears at the right and/or bottom edge of a window or list box whose contents are not completely visible. Each scroll bar contains two scroll arrows and a scroll box, which enable you to scroll through the contents of the window or list box.

The small box superimposed on the scroll bar that appears at the right of some LAN Manager Screen list boxes. The scroll box reflects the position of the information within the window in relation to the total contents of the list. See also scroll bar.

A port on computer equipment that enables asynchronous transmission of data characters one bit at a time. Also called a communication port.

A computer on a local area network that controls access to resources such as files and printers. A LAN Manager server can also function as a workstation. In Windows NT Advanced Server domains, a server is a computer that receives a copy of the domain's security policy and domain database, and authenticates network logons. See also domain controller, primary domain controller.

A process that performs a specific system function and often provides an application programming interface (API) for other processes to call. The main components of LAN Manager are the LAN Manager services.

A link between a workstation and a server. A session consists of one or more connections to shared resources. See also connection.

A form of callback in which the user supplies the callback number at the time the call is made. It allows traveling business users, for example, to reverse long-distance telephone charges. The server prompts the user for the user's telephone number and then calls the user back at that number.

A program that installs LAN Manager Enhanced or Basic software on a workstation.

To make resources, such as directories and printers, available to network users.

A directory that network users can connect to.

See printer queue.

See printer queue.

A resource available to users of the local area network. See also resource.

A name that identifies a shared resource. See also computername, shared resource.

The process by which resources are made available to local area network users.

The programs, routines, or instructions written in a computer language that instruct the computer to perform one or more tasks.

The directory that contains the file or files you intend to copy or move.

A queue used with printers that are configured with a parallel interface. Spooled queues are identified with devicenames LPT1 through LPT9. See also devicename, printer queue, unspooled queue.

Any contiguous set of alphabetic and numeric characters that will be treated as a unit.

A directory within a directory.

An area in a LAN Manager Screen dialog box where you type information. The text box may or may not contain text when it appears.

A file containing only letters, numbers, and symbols. A text file contains no formatting information, except possibly linefeeds and carriage returns. A text file is an ASCII file.

An ASCII file that contains no formatting.

A condition where an expected character is not received in time. When this condition occurs, the software assumes that the data has been lost and requests it to be resent.

The area at the top of a LAN Manager Screen dialog box where its title appears.

A form of dialing using multiple-tone signaling. The user hears a series of tones (beeps) when dialing. Push-button telephones usually use touch-tone dialing.

See trust relationship.

Links between Windows NT Advanced Server domains that enable pass-through authentication, in which a user has only one user account in one domain yet can access the entire network. User accounts and global groups defined in a trusted domain can be given rights and resource permissions in a trusting domain, even though those accounts don't exist in the trusting domain's database. A trusting domain honors the logon authentications of a trusted domain.

A queue used with printers that are configured with a serial interface. Unspooled queues are identified with devicenames COM1 through COM9. LAN Manager for UNIX Systems does not support unspooled queues. See also devicename, printer queue, spooled queue.

Someone who uses the local area network.

The record on a Windows NT Advanced Server or LAN Manager server that contains information about an authorized user, including his or her name, password, and permissions, as determined by the administrator.

A unique name identifying a user account on the network. See also user account.

A character that represents one or more characters. The question mark (?) wildcard can be used to represent any single character, and the asterisk (*) wildcard can be used to represent any character or group of characters that might match that position in other filenames.

See Microsoft Windows.

The portable, secure, 32- bit, preemptive multitasking member of the Microsoft Windows operating system family.

A superset of Windows NT, Windows NT Advanced Server provides centralized management and security, advanced fault tolerance and additional connectivity.

A computer from which a person uses word processing, spreadsheet, database, and other types of applications to accomplish work, taking advantage of resources shared on the local area network.

The Windows NT or LAN Manager domain into which a LAN Manager Enhanced workstation logs on unless another domain is specified. See also domain, logon domain, other domains.

A resource that is attached to or part of a user's computer (for example, a local printer). See also local.

A LAN Manager service that enables a computer to use network resources and services. This service must be running for any other service to run.