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release notes HP-UX SDK, for the Java™ 2 platform version 1.3.0.03 release
Release notes are provided with the software and as
a standalone file on this web site. The contents on
the web site will be the most up-to-date.
The HP-UX SDK, for the Java™ 2 Platform Version 1.3 release provides the tools for developing and deploying Java applications on PA-8600-based workstations, HP server
series rp5400, rp7400, and rp8400, and Superdome, with HP-UX 11.0 PA-RISC and 11i PA-RISC.
table of contents
features
The HP-UX SDK, for the Java™ 2 Platform Version 1.3 release provides the tools for developing and deploying Java applications on HP 9000
Enterprise Servers, HP 9000 Workstations, and HP Visualize Workstations
with HP-UX 11.0 and HP-UX 11i (previously called 11.11).
contents of release 1.3.0.03
The 1.3.0.03 version of the HP-UX SDK, for the Java™ 2 Platform,
HotSpot 1.01 Edition contains bug fixes and enhancements, which are
described in the "Problem Fixes and Known Issues" section at the end
of this document.
features of SDK 1.3
HP-UX SDK Version 1.3 includes significant performance and functionality
enhancements. The new features of the standard version 1.3 of the Java 2
platform and the performance, tool support, and tool enhancements are
documented at http://java.sun.com/products/jdk/1.3/docs/relnotes/features.html.
The complete list of features of the standard version 1.3 is documented
at http://java.sun.com/reference/docs/index.html#guide.
The HP-UX SDK, for the Java 2 Platform, HotSpot Edition continues to
include all of the standard Java 2 SDK Tools. The tools
include appletviewer (with a graphical user interface), extcheck,
jar, java, javac, javadoc, javah, javap, jdb and oldjdb (only for
-classic mode), rmic, rmid, rmiregistry, serialver, keytool, jarsigner,
policytool, native2ascii, tnameserv, and idlj. This release also
continues to support a 100% Java compatible environment.
The 1.3 releases contains the HotSpot 1.0.1 VM.
This 1.3 release also contains the -Xnocatch option which disables
the Java "catch-all" signal handler. Use this option to generate
clean stack traces from native code.
FastSwing feature
The 1.3 release also contains the FastSwing feature that is exclusive
to HP-UX. This feature provides significant performance improvement for
Swing Applications on a Remote X-Server. Remote X-Servers include
X-Terminals, PC-XServers like Exceed and Reflection X and remote unix
workstations. This feature is documented in "Usage Documentation" below.
JPDA
JPDA is the debugging support architecture needed to build debugger
applications for the Java 2 Platform. The JPDA includes the
Java Debug Interface (JDI), the Java Debug Wire Protocol (JDWP), and
Java Virtual Machine Debug Interface (JVMDI). A sample debugger based on
JPDA is provided in /opt/java1.3/bin/jdb and works with the Classic VM only.
The original jdb product has been moved to /opt/java1.3/bin/oldjdb and also
works with the Classic VM only. Please note that the java source code for
the sample debuggers is located in examples.jar in /opt/java1.3/demo/jpda
and is unsupported.
supported APIs
The HP-UX SDK, for the Java 2 Platform, HotSpot Edition supports the APIs core to the Java 2 platform: Java Foundation Classes (JFC), Security,
Java IDL, JDBC™ , JavaBeans™ , Remote Method Invocation (RMI), Java 2D, and the Collections Framework. HP also includes the implementation of a
non-blocking I/O Poll API for Java in the com.hp.io package.
com.hp.io.Poll supports a general mechanism for reporting I/O conditions associated with a set of FileDescriptors and for waiting until one or more conditions becomes true. Specified conditions include the ability to read or write data without blocking, and error conditions. Use of com.hp.io.Poll dramatically reduces the number of threads required to support large numbers of clients in large server-side
Java applications.
The packages included in the APIs core to the Java 2 platform are
described at: http://java.sun.com/products/jdk/1.3/docs/api
IDL compiler
The JavaSoft idlj compiler is available in this release.
This allows developers to define their application interfaces
in a program neutral interface language. The idl interface files
are compiled into Java files via this compiler. It also generates portable
client stubs and server skeletons that work with any CORBA-compliant
Object Request Broker. It produces CORBA 2.3 compliant code.
Refer to http://java.sun.com/reference/docs/index.html
for more information.
JNDI
The Java Naming and Directory Interface is available in this release.
This makes it possible to have a federated naming service as part of
your application. Currently LDAPv2, CosNaming, and RMI Registry Server
Provider Interfaces are available on our JDK platform. Refer to
http://java.sun.com/reference/docs/index.html
for more information.
ORB support
The JavaSoft ORB has been updated to CORBA 2.3.2 compliancy.
One of the new features specified in this update is
"objects passed by value." Refer to the OMG documents at
http://www.omg.org/ for more information on this CORBA version.
RMI
New RMI run-time classes are included in this release. They
provide greater performance and functionality for RMI applications
running over the JRMP protocol.
RMI/IIOP
New RMI run-time classes are included that allow RMI applications
to run over the IIOP protocol.
Also, a new rmic compiler is provided that understands the "-iiop"
option that produces stub and skeleton files that communicate via
the IIOP protocol. This makes it possible for RMI clients and
servers to communicate with their CORBA counterparts. Refer to
http://java.sun.com/docs/index.html
for more information.
previous 1.3.0 releases
Version 1.3.0.01 and 02 were maintenance releases which
contained defect fixes and performance enhancements.
hp's product versioning
HP's product versioning scheme is similar to the JavaSoft
versioning scheme. An HP maintenance release,
for example 1.3.0.00, would contain the JavaSoft 1.3.0 maintenance
fixes and may include additional HP defect fixes. A subsequent HP
minor maintenance release, for example 1.3.0.01 or 1.3.0.02, would
contain all additional defect fixes for HP releases after 1.3.0.00.
HP's minor maintenance releases are not directly comparable to
JavaSoft patch releases such as 1.3.0-001.
installation
patches
Operating system patches should be installed before you install the software.
To determine which patches have been installed on your machine,
login as root and check your machine with: /usr/sbin/swlist -l product
For ongoing updates of the list of required and recommended patches,
go to Patch Information.
To download patches, go to the Patch Database at the Electronic
Support Center website for either the Americas and Asia Pacific
(http://us-support.external.hp.com) or Europe
(http://europe-support.external.hp.com). Select the link "Individual
Patches" and "Retrieve a Specific Patch". (This process will redirect you
to a new patch if a patch has been superceded.) Read the information
about the patch to ascertain any dependencies.
minimum system recommendation
Users will get the best performance with HP server series rp5400, rp7400, rp8400,
and Superdome, and PA-8600-based workstations. The recommended minimum system for running Java applications is a PA-RISC 2.0 system.
installation instructions
If you download the software from the website, you need approximately
100 MB of disk space on your system to install the software.
The HP-UX SDK, for the Java™ 2 Platform installs under /opt/java1.3.
As root user, use the SD-UX swinstall command to install the software:
/usr/sbin/swinstall
It will lead you through the installation. We recommend you select
the "Reinstall filesets" and unselect the "Mount filesystems"
option from the options menu.
WARNING: Do not unarchive rt.jar, il8n.jar, jpda.jar, and tools.jar.
These files are needed by the SDK tools and the runtime environment.
Add the directory /opt/java1.3/bin to your PATH.
For information on setting important system parameters required for correct execution of Java programs go to the HP-UX Java™ Information Library.
file structure
The diagram below displays an abbreviated form of the file structure:
The tools install under opt/java1.3/bin and the libraries install under
opt/java1.3/lib. The tools.jar file contains the classes for supporting
the tools and utilities. The file dt.jar contains the DesignTime
archive of BeanInfo files.
The jre directory includes the runtime environment. The file rt.jar contains the runtime classes for the core API. The file il8n.jar contains the
internationalization and localization classes and files. The file iiimp.jar
contains the classes that implement the Internet-Intranet Input Method
Protocol. The security directory contains security management files.
The PA_RISC directories contain the shared libraries used by the
HP-UX platform.
The file src.jar contains an archive of source files for the core API for
informational purposes. To view the files, enter the command:
$ jar xvf src.jar.
The include directory contains the header files for supporting JNI and
JVMDI.
usage documentation
The Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition, v 1.3 API Specification is
provided at http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.3/docs/api/index.html.
Note: Only the java.x packages are supported.
The Java Class Libraries: Second Edition, Volume 1 by Patrick Chan,
Rosanna Lee, and Douglas Kramer provides additional detail and
examples. For more information see
http://java.sun.com/docs/books/chanlee/supplement.
The HP-UX Programmer's Guide for Java provides additional information.
It is available at
Programmer's Guide for Java™ 2.
Below are some additional documentation notes about tools, threads,
JNI, CLASSPATH, migrating from Java 1.1 to Java 2, JAR files, support
for locales, JPDA, and miscellaneous items.
supported tools and options
To run a tool on HP-UX, either use the full path name or add the path
to the startup file. For example, for javac, on the command line you
could enter: /opt/java1.3/bin/javac yourfile.java. You could alternatively
add /opt/java1.3/bin to your PATH statement and on the command line
enter: javac yourfile.java
The HotSpot technology accepts all of the standard tools and options,
except jdb. The standard tools and the standard documentation references are noted below:
The appletviewer tool is documented at
http://www.java.sun.com/products/jdk/1.3/docs/tooldocs/solaris/appletviewer.html
CLASSPATH is documented at
http://www.java.sun.com/products/jdk/1.3/docs/tooldocs/solaris/classpath.html
The jar tool is documented at
http://www.java.sun.com/products/jdk/1.3/docs/tooldocs/solaris/jar.html
The java tool is documented at
http://www.java.sun.com/products/jdk/1.3/docs/tooldocs/solaris/java.html
The javac tool is documented at
http://www.java.sun.com/products/jdk/1.3/docs/tooldocs/solaris/javac.html
The javadoc tool is documented at:
http://www.java.sun.com/products/jdk/1.3/docs/tooldocs/solaris/javadoc.html
The javah tool is documented at:
http://www.java.sun.com/products/jdk/1.3/docs/tooldocs/solaris/javah.html
The javap tool is documented at:
http://java.sun.com/reference/docs/index.html
The jdb (JPDA jdb for classic technology only) tool is documented at:
http://java.sun.com/docs/index.html
The old jdb (old jdb for classic technology only) tool is documented at:
http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.3/docs/tooldocs/win32/oldjdb.html
The extcheck tool is documented at:
http://java.sun.com/reference/docs/index.html
The rmic tool is documented at:
http://java.sun.com/reference/docs/index.html
The rmiregistry tool is documented at:
http://java.sun.com/reference/docs/index.html
The rmid tool is documented at:
http://java.sun.com/reference/docs/index.html
The serialver tool is documented at:
http://java.sun.com/reference/docs/index.html
The native2ascii tool is documented at:
http://java.sun.com/reference/docs/index.html
The keytool tool is documented at:
http://java.sun.com/reference/docs/index.html
The jarsigner tool is documented at:
http://java.sun.com/reference/docs/index.html
The policytool tool is documented at:
http://java.sun.com/reference/docs/index.html
The tnameserv tool is documented at:
http://java.sun.com/reference/docs/index.html
The idlj tool is documented at:
http://java.sun.com/reference/docs/index.html
additional HotSpot option information
The HotSpot technology accepts all of the standard options. The
HotSpot technology supports the following non-standard -X options:
-Xint
Operate in interpreted-only mode. Compilation to native code is
disabled, and all bytecodes are executed by the interpreter.
The performance benefits offered by the Java HotSpot adaptive compiler
will not be present in this mode.
-Xbatch
Disables background compilation. If compilation of a large method
is taking a long time, the performance engine will revert to
interpreting the method. It will compile the method as a background
task, running the method in interpreter mode until the background
compilation is finished. The -Xbatch flag disables background
compilation so that compilation of all methods proceeds as a
foreground task until completed, regardless of how long the
compilation takes. This flag is provided for users who desire
more deterministic behavior of method compilation for purposes such
as benchmarking.
-Xincgc
Enable the incremental garbage collector. The incremental garbage
collector, which is off by default, will eliminate occasional
garbage-collection pauses during program execution. However,
it can lead to a roughly 10% decrease in overall performance.
-Xss<size>
Specify the size of stack for each new Java thread. The default
Java thread stack size is 1MB. This flag is appropriate for programs
that have small thread stack size requirements and/or create several
thousand threads, potentially running out of virtual memory. Program
threads that overflow the allocated stack will receive
java.lang.StackOverFlowException. Example: -Xss128k
-Xms<size>
Specify the initial size, in bytes, of the memory allocation pool.
This value must be a multiple of 1024 greater than 1 MB. Append the letter k or K to indicate kilobytes, or m or M to indicate megabytes.
The default value is 5248 KB. Examples: -Xms4194304
-Xms4096k
-Xms4m
-Xbootclasspath:<bootclasspath>
Specify a semicolon-separated list of directories, JAR archives,
and ZIP archives to search for boot class files. The specified boot
class libraries will be used instead of the boot class files in the
jre/lib/rt.jar archive normally used by the Java 2 software.
-Xprof
Send cpu profiling data to standard output. Disables class garbage collection.
-X
Prints out a brief usage message describing the non-standard options.
additional hp options and features
Additional HP specific documentation is provided in the HP-UX
Programmer's Guide. Noteworthy HP specific options and features
for Java 2 version 1.3 include -pa11, -Xeprof, -Xnocatch, -verbosegc,
and -Xverbosegc options and the FastSwing feature:
-pa11 option
HP's PA-RISC 2.0 architecture offers performance features not compatible
with previous architectures. PA1.1 binaries can be run on a PA1.1
as well as PA2.0 based systems; however, a PA2.0 binary can only run
on a PA2.0 based system. Starting with the 1.2.2 release of the SDK,
HP includes two versions of the shared libraries comprising APIs and VMs.
The PA2.0 shared libraries will be default if the user is running on a
PA2.0 system. The user can override the use of the PA2.0 version of the
shared libraries on a PA2.0 by specifying the -pa11 flag. For example:
On a PA2.0 based system, invoking Java by typing
java -version
results in something similar to:
java version "1.3.0"
HotSpot VM (..., mixed mode, PA2.0 build 1.3.0.00-00/10/23-PA_RISC 2.0)
The generated version string indicates that the PA2.0 version of the VM will be used.
A user can override the use of the PA2.0 version of the VMs and APIs on a
PA2.0 system by adding the -pa11 flag as follows:
java -pa11 -version
This results in something similar to:
java version "1.3.0"
HotSpot VM (..., mixed mode, PA1.1 build 1.3.0.00-00/10/23-PA_RISC 1.1)
The version string indicates that the PA1.1 version of the VM in spite of
the fact that we are running on a PA2.0 system.
Note: If you run HotSpot with the -pa11 flag or run on a PA 1.1 system, your
heap address space will be restricted to 1G.
-Xeprof option
The -Xeprof option generates profile data for HPjmeter. The -Xeprof option
enables profiling of Java applications running on HotSpot version 1.2.2.05 or
greater and collects method clock and CPU times, method call count, and call
graph. (For more information on HPjmeter, see
HPjmeter Downloads and Documentation.)
To profile your application use the following command:
java -Xeprof:<options> ApplicationClassName
To profile your applet, use:
appletviewer -J-Xeprof:<options> URL>
where <options> is a list of <key>[=<value>] argumentsseparated by commas.
After the profiled applet or application normally terminates execution,
the Java Virtual Machine writes the profile data to a file in the current
directory.
We have found the following options useful in most cases:
For CPU time metrics with minimal intrusion:
Exact call count information and object creation profiling:
-Xint -Xeprof:ie=no
To see the complete list of available options, use
java -Xeprof:help
Here are the supported -Xeprof options:
file=<filename>
The profile data will be written to the named file. The default
is java.eprof.
times=quick|thorough
Collect call graph with inclusive method clock and CPU times
and method call count.
This option uses tracing with reduction
and collects the data separately for each thread,
throughout the whole execution time of the program.
The quick value instructs the profiler to use
the hardware Interval Timer register for time measurement.
This value results in faster profiling runs, but in very rare
circumstances can produce inaccurate data.
This is the default for PA-RISC 2.0 based machines.
If you ever suspect that the profile data generated using the
quick value is incorrect then redo the run to see
whether the results can be replicated.
The thorough value is the opposite of quick, disabling the use of
the Interval Timer. The profiling runs will be longer, but will
provide timing data with the same quality as the system calls used to
measure the time. However, the profiling intrusion and overhead also
increase. This is the default for PA-RISC 1.1 based machines. Enable/disable the profiling intrusion estimation.
ie=yes, the default value, specifies that the profiler
estimate the profiling intrusion
and write the estimated values to the profile data file.
A future version of HPjmeter will be able to present the timing data as:
raw, meaning the data as collected, or compensated, meaning with the
estimated intrusion subtracted.
Disabling intrusion estimation reduces the size of the data files,
but will also disable the intrusion compensation feature. Disable/enable inlining in the HotSpot VM.
The compiler in the HotSpot VM optimizes Java applications by inlining
frequently called methods. Execution of inlined methods does not count as
"calls" from the profiler's viewpoint. Instead, the time spent in an
inlined method is attributed to its caller.
The count of created objects cannot be reliably estimated in the presence
of inlining, because the calls to the constructors may have been inlined.
To obtain an accurate method call count and to enable the created objects
metric, run the VM with inlining=disable. 0 Only after each full GC
1 (default) After every Scavenge and Full GC
:file=[stdout|stderr|<filename>] specifies output file
stderr (default) directs output to standard error stream
stdout directs output to standard output stream
<filename> file to which the output will be written
At every garbage collection, the following 18 fields are printed:
<GC: %1 %2 %3 %4 %5 %6 %7 %8 %9 %10 %11 %12 %13 %14 %15 %16 %17 %18 >
%1: Indicates the cause of the garbage collection.
-1: indicates a Scavenge (GC of New Generation only)
0-6: indicates a Full GC (collection of all spaces in the Java Heap)
Reason:
0: Call to System.gc
1: Old Generation full
2: Permanent Generation full
3: Train Generation full
4: Old generation expanded on last scavenge
5: Old generation too full to scavenge
6: FullGCAlot
%2: Program time at the beginning of a collection, in seconds.
%3: Garbage collection invocation. Counts of Scavenge and
Full GCs are maintained separately. The report includes the size of each space:
Occupied before garbage collection (Before)
Occupied after garbage collection (After)
Current capacity (Capacity)
All are in bytes.
Eden sub-space (within the New Generation)
%6: Before
%7: After
%8: Capacity
Survivor sub-space (within the New Generation)
%9: Before
%10: After
%11: Capacity
Old Generation
%12: Before
%13: After
%14: Capacity
Permanent Generation (Storage of Reflective Objects)
%15: Before
%16: After
%17: Capacity
%18: Duration of the garbage collection in seconds.
FastSwing
FastSwing is an HP feature which provides significant performance
improvement for Swing Applications on a Remote X-Server.
Remote X-Servers include X-Terminals, PC-XServers like Exceed
and Reflection X and remote unix workstations.
To use this feature invoke java or appletviewer as follows:
/opt/java1.3/bin/java -Dhp.swing.useFastSwing=true MyApp
or
/opt/java1.3/bin/appletviewer -J-Dhp.swing.useFastSwing=true applet.html
Currently we recommend using this feature only for Remote displays as
it has the following caveat:
Double-buffered Swing Components cannot perform Graphics2D operations with
the FastSwing feature turned on. When doing so you will get the following
exception :
java.lang.ClassCastException: sun.awt.motif.X11OffScreenImage
at BezierAnimationPanel.run(BezierAnimationPanel.java:223)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)
threads
Green threads is not included in the HP-UX SDK, for the Java™ 2 Platform.
using JNI
Dereferencing NULL Pointers
In Java 2, JNI code that incorrectly dereferences NULL will result in a
SIGSEGV, which may be different behavior than that experienced with Java
1.1 releases. For example, in Java 1.1, JNI methods that dereference NULL
pointers like this:
int *p = NULL;
return *p;
will return the value 0.
With the Java 2 the HotSpot VM, such dereferences result in a SIGSEGV,
and java NULL checks can be performed without having to emit explicit code
to do so. With Java 2 HotSpot, the signal is caught, and a null pointer
exception is thrown if the offending instruction was within the VM (compiled
code, or in the interpreter). This method may uncover hidden programming
errors.
Also, if you are including the HP-UX Runtime Environment for the Java 2
Platform in an application and bypassing our standard driver, for example by
making calls to JNI_CreatJavaVM from inside the application, link the
application with the "-z" option. The -z option will indicate that
dereferencing NULL pointers in the application should generate a SIGSEGV
instead of the traditional behavior of returning zero. If you do not,
you will not be able to take advantage of implicit null pointer checks;
null pointer checks will have to be explicit, potentially degrading
performance. Linking with -z may also expose existing but quiet bugs in
an application. This is because the SIGSEGVs were not being generated before.
C and C++ libraries
HotSpot requires use of the HP aC++ compiler for any application C or C++
libraries loaded dynamically at runtime. Libraries compiled with the cfront
HP C++ compiler will not work with HotSpot.
CLASSPATH
CLASSPATH will be automatically set during installation. If you get the error
"Unable to initialize threads: cannot find class java1.3/lang/Thread", your
CLASSPATH environment variable may be incorrect.
See also
http://java.sun.com/reference/docs/index.html.
compatibility between release 1.3 and previous releases
Compatibility information is provided at:
http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.3/compatibility.html.
migrating from Java 1.1 to Java 2
Information to assist you in migrating from 1.1 to Java 2 is provided at
http://java.sun.com/reference/docs/index.html.
The SDK 2 java launcher tool replaced the JDK 1.1 jre tool.
JAR files
If you run an applet from a JAR file, the classes files should only be
available in the JAR file, and the JAR file should not be in the class path.
using font property files
Java font property files map Java virtual (or "logical") fonts to
platform-specific fonts. These font property files are in $JAVA_HOME/jre/lib
and are platform-specific. As with any Java property file, font property
files are sensitive to your locale setting.
For information on adding Asian fonts, see other topics in these Release Notes.
You will find good background information at the following web sites:
http://java.sun.com/products/jdk/1.2/docs/guide/internat/fontprop.html
http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.3/docs/guide/intl/addingfonts.html
support for locales
The HP-UX proprietory encodings used by the following HP-UX
propietory locales are not recognized by the runtime environment.
| ar_DZ.arabic8 | | fr_FR.roman8 |
| ar_SA.arabic8 | | is_IS.roman8 |
| da_DK.roman8 | | it_IT.roman8 |
| de_DE.roman8 | | iw_IL.hebrew8 |
| el_GR.greek8 | | ja_JP.kana8 |
| en_GB.roman8 | | nl_NL.roman8 |
| en_US.roman8 | | no_NO.roman8 |
| es_ES.roman8 | | pt_PT.roman8 |
| fi_FI.roman8 | | sv_SE.roman8 |
| fr_CA.roman8 | | tr_TR.turkish8 |
The following locales are supported:
| C.iso88591 | | hu_HU.iso88592 |
| C.iso885915 | | is_IS.iso88591 |
| bg_BG.iso88595 | | is_IS.iso885915@euro |
| cs_CZ.iso88592 | | it_IT.iso88591 |
| da_DK.iso88591 | | it_IT.iso885915@euro |
| da_DK.iso885915@euro | | ja_JP.SJIS |
| de_DE.iso88591 | | ko_KR.eucKR |
| de_DE.iso885915@euro | | nl_NL.iso88591 |
| el_GR.iso88597 | | nl_NL.iso885915@euro |
| en_GB.iso88591 | | no_NO.iso88591 |
| en_GB.iso885915@euro | | no_NO.iso885915@euro |
| en_US.iso88591 | | pl_PL.iso88592 |
| es_ES.iso88591 | | pt_PT.iso88591 |
| es_ES.iso885915@euro | | pt_PT.iso885915@euro |
| fi_FI.iso88591 | | ro_RO.iso88592 |
| fi_FI.iso885915@euro | | ru_RU.iso88595 |
| fr_CA.iso88591 | | sk_SK.iso88592 |
| fr_CA.iso885915 | | sl_SI.iso88592 |
| fr_FR.iso88591 | | sv_SE.iso88591 |
| fr_FR.iso885915@euro | | tr_TR.iso88599 |
| hr_HR.iso88592 | | zh_CN.hp15CN |
| | | zh_TW.big5 |
|
