Glossary

Industry standard for air filtration efficiency set forth by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.

Above sea level.

The abbreviation for British thermal units. The amount of heat required to raise one pound of water one degree fahrenheit per hour, a common measure of heat transfer rate.

The abbreviation for cubic feet per minute, commonly used to measure the rate of air flow in an air conditioning system.

A type of air conditioning system that has no refrigerant in the unit itself. The refrigerant is contained in a chiller, which is located remotely. The chiller cools water, which is piped to the air conditioner to cool the space.

The newest specification for PCI-based industrial computers is called Compact PCI. It is electrically a superset of desktop PCI with a different physical form factor.

The process of removing moisture from the air within a critical space.

Refers to a type of air conditioning system that discharges air downward, directly beneath a raised floor, commonly found in computer rooms and modern office spaces.

The Electronic Industries Association (EIA) defines this unit of measurement to be 1.75 inches in height. So then, 1U equals 1.75 inches (1U equals 44.45 mm).

A value of power for AC circuits that is calculated as the product of RMS current times RMS voltage, without taking the power factor into account.

The process of adding moisture to the air within a critical space.

A consortium of companies involved in utilizing PCI for embedded applications. The PCI Industrial Computer Manufacturers Group (PICMG) controls the PICMG specification.

The peak current flowing into a power supply the instant AC power is applied. This peak is usually much higher than the typical input current due to the charging of the input filter capacitors. When switching power supplies are first turned on, they present high initial currents as a result of filter capacitor impedance. These large filter capacitors act like a short circuit, producing an immediate inrush surge current with a fast rise time. The peak inrush current can be several orders of magnitude greater than the supply's typical current.

Abbreviation for kilovolt-amperes (1000 x volt-amperes).

An air conditioning system's capability to remove heat from the air.

A term relating to current flowing between the AC supply wires and earth ground. The term does not necessarily denote a fault condition. In power supplies, leakage current usually refers to the 60 Hertz current, which flows through the EMI filter capacitors that are connected between the AC lines and ground.

The operating current of the product equal to the maximum load divided by the minimum input voltage.

All electronic equipment has the potential to interfere with other electronic equipment. Interference can be caused by electromagnetic radiation, the grounding system, the electrical power connection, excessive heat or blocking the natural airflow, and connecting wires or cables. The FCC (Federal Communications Commission) regulates a portion of this problem through Part 15 of their rules and regulations. Even more stringent than the FCC Part 15 requirements, Network Equipment Building Standards (NEBS) covers a large range of requirements including criteria for personnel safety, protection of property, and operational continuity. The documents cover both physical requirements including: Space Planning, Temperature, Humidity, Fire, Earthquake, Vibration, Transportation, Acoustical, Air Quality and Illumination; and electrical criteria including: Electrostatic Discharge (ESD), Electromagnetic Interference (EMI), Lightning and AC Power Fault, Steady State Power Induction, Corrosion, DC Potential Difference, Electrical Safety and Bonding and Grounding.

Currently, the most popular local I/O bus, the Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus was developed by Intel and introduced in 1993.

The ratio of true power to apparent power in an AC circuit. In power conversion technology, power factor is used in conjunction with describing the AC input current to the power supply.

Abbreviation for Printed Circuit Assembly also referred to as a Printed Circuit Board (PCB).

Root-mean-square (rms) refers to the most common mathematical method of defining the effective voltage or current of an AC wave. To determine rms value, three mathematical operations are carried out on the function representing the AC waveform: (1) The square of the waveform function (usually a sine wave) is determined. (2) The function resulting from step (1) is averaged over time. (3) The square root of the function resulting from step (2) is found.

Represents the maximum wattage of a given configuration, assuming worst-case conditions (thermal tolerances, workloads, and so forth) on all system components. It is extremely unlikely that any customer will experience this level of power consumption.

The unit of measure used in air conditioning to describe the heating or cooling capacity of a system. One ton of heat represents the amount of heat needed to melt one ton (2000 lbs.) of ice in one hour. 12,000 Btu/hr equals one ton of heat.

In an AC circuit, true power is the actual power consumed. It is distinguished from apparent power by eliminating the reactive power component that may be present.

The operating current of the product measured using a typical load and target voltage.

Represents the expected power consumption of a given configuration. The typical value is the approximate power consumption that a customer will most likely experience and can use for power budgeting purposes.

A vapor seal is an essential part of preventing moisture infiltration into or migration out of a critical space, such as a data processing center or other room that contains sensitive electronic instrumentation. Essentially, a vapor seal is a barrier that prevents air, moisture, and contaminants from migrating through tiny cracks or pores in the walls, floor, and ceiling into the critical space. Vapor barriers may be created using plastic film, vapor-retardant paint, vinyl wall coverings and vinyl floor systems, in combination with careful sealing of all openings (doors and windows) into the room.

A unit of electricity consumption representing the product of amperage and voltage. When the power requirement of a product is listed in watts, you can convert to amps by dividing the wattage by the voltage. (e.g., 1200 watts divided by 120 volts is 10 amps.